Oral Pathology Chapter 13,14,17,19 Flashcards
A sign is when
evidence of disease that somebody other than the patient can observe
Symptom is
evidence observed by the patient only
Syndrome
A set of signs and symptoms occurring together
Oral pathology is the study of
disease of the oral cavity
Etiology
study of the cause of disease
Idiopathic
Cause of disease is unknown
Pathogen
microorganism capable of causing disease
Virulence is the strength of
a pathogens ability to cause disease
Lesion
a broad term for abnormal tissue in the oral cavity
abnormality
difference or malformation of normal
anomaly
deviation from what is standard, normal, expected
who can diagnose a patient
doctors/dentists
Inherited immunity is
being born with it
acquired immunity is
developed over time and exposure
Defence system - Natural barriers are
skin and mucous membranes, can include tears, earwax
a harmful substance causing immune response is a
antigen
an antibody is
specialized cells of immune system that fight antigens
acute inflammation
immediate and localized protective response to physical injury (cut or sprain)
Chronic inflammation
slow and ongoing, can result in tissue damage (Injury continues)
What are the 4 signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain
What is periodontal disease caused by
plaque, calculus (tartar), malocclusions, systemic causes (diabetes), medications
What is periodontal disease
infection of the bone structure surrounding teeth causing it to breakdown and tissue to detach
signs and symptoms of periodontal disease
Red, swollen, bleeding gums
loose separated teeth
pain/pressure when chewing
pus around teeth/gingiva
Less than 30% of sites affected is ___ periodontitis
localized
more than 30% of sites are affected is ____ periodontitis
generalized
What is gingivitis
the inflammation of gingival tissues
Gingivitis has no bone loss or recession of gingiva?
true
Characteristics of gingivitis is
red swollen gums, color may change, and gingiva bleeds easily
How do you treat gingivitis
proper oral hygiene
An ameloblstoma is a tumor
made up of dental lamina remnants that didnt disintegrate after tooth buds formed
Supernumerary (Hyperdontia)
extra teeth above the usual 32 in a dentition, occurs during initiation and proliferation
mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located between
the maxillary central incisors
Anodontia (Hypodontia) is the
absence of teeth (third molars, max lateral incisors, second premolars)
Macrodontia is
abnormally large teeth
Mircodontia
Abnormally small teeth
If microdontia affects a whole dentition is it commonly associated with
Down syndrome, or congenital heart defects
Peg shaped teeth are called
huthcinsons incisors, can also be curved notches
Hutchinsons incisors are associated with
maternal syphilis, occurs during morphodifferentiation
Fusion
joining of dentin and enamel of two or more separate teeth (looks like one clinical crown)
Germination
tooth tries to separate, the tooth has two crowns and one root. # stays the same
Incisal notch
the line of unsuccessful germination of teeth
twinning is when the toothbud
fully divides, results in formation of an extra tooth. # increases
Concrescene
two teeth joined at cementum
dens-in dente
known as a tooth within a tooth, on maxillary incisors palatal surface
Dilaceration is when a root
deviated at an angle from crown (crooked)
what causes a root to be crooked
disturbance in shape of tooth, trauma, tooth eruption
Amelogensis imperfecta
incomplete enamel formation (yellow color)
If gingivitis is left untreated it can progress to
periodontal disease
Periodontitis is an ____ disease and can be spread through
infectious, saliva
enamel hypoplasia is
deficient amount of enamel, weak teeth
Fluorosis has two stages called
Fluorosis major, and fluorosis minor
Fluorosis minor causes
white spots on the teeth
Fluorosis major causes
pitted or brown stains on enamel
What causes fluorosis
ingesting to much fluoride as a child during calcification of permanent teeth
what are enamel pearls and where are they found
they are small masses of dentin and enamel found in furcations of multicoated teeth
dentinogenisis imperfecta is the
hereditary condition affecting formation of dentin
what does a tooth look like due to dentinogenisis imperfecta
opalescent/amber color
Natal teeth are present when
at birth above the gum line
Neonatal teeth are present
within 30 days after birth
Ankylosis is when bone fuses to
cementum and dentin due to lack of periodontal ligaments
Impaction is when a tooth
remains in jaw and cannot erupt from the position it is in
the normal wear on teeth from chewing is called
attrition
bruxism is invoulentary
clenching and grinding
aggressive tooth brushing can cause
abrasion of the teeth
Abrasion is the
abnormal wear of tooth surfaces
Chemical wearing on the teeth caused by stomach acid, sodas, etc is called
erosion
Bulimia causes 3 things to happen what are they
erosion (decalcification), xerostomia, and enlarged parotid
cementoclasia is the erosion of
cementum
hypercementosis is the thickening of
cementum on the roots
Abnormal resorption is idiopathic and diagnosed by a
xray
what 3 protective measures does saliva provide
chemical, physical and antibacterial
physical properties of saliva are composed of
water content and amount of saliva for cleaning effect
what is the chemical component of saliva
phosphate, calcium and fluoride for remineralization of neutralizing acids
Substances within saliva work together against bacteria
antibacterial component
Dental caries are caused by which bacterias
Mutans strepococci (MS) and lactobaccili (LB)
MS bacteria is found in
plaque
LB bacteria is created from
sugar
When the amount of MS and LB bacteria in the mouth increases, the ____ increases
risks of developing caries
root surface caries are prominent in
senior population
Secondary caries are also know as
recurrent carries
where are secondary (recurrent) carries located
between teeth and margins of restorations
Rampant caries are
rapid and widespread
Meth mouth is a term used for
rampant caries
Arrested carries have
no further progression
demineralization and remineralization develops
dental caries
more minerals are lost than replenished leading to
dental caries
Incipent caries are responsible for
demineralizing enamel creating a white spot
Overt lesions is a
cavity or hole
Pulpitis is the inflammation of
the pulp
Pulpitis is defined in two categories
reversible and irreversible
Dead pulp is called
necrotic pulp
Calcified masses of dentin in pulp is called
pulp stones
Pulp resorption is the
internal resorption from pulp to dentin
what happens when a cavity reaches the pulp
the process is accelerated in all directions
Macrognathia and micrognathia are
abnormally large and small jaws
Macogenia and microgenia are
abnormally large and small chins
Macrognathia causes a
underbite
Mircognathia causes a
overbite
Exostosis is a
benign bony projection out from surface
Torus palatinus is the
growth on midline of hard palate
Tous mandibularis is a
growth on lingual surface near premolars
Tongue tie is aka
anklyoglossia
List the lesions found below mucosal surface
Ulcers, erosion, abscesses, cysts
List the lesions found above mucosal surface
Blisters, pustules, hematoma, plaques
What mass is filled with blood
hematoma
which mass is filled with fluid
blisters
which mass is filled with pus
pustules
Lesions raised or flat are
nodules, tumors, neoplasm and granuloma
Nodules are up to _cm
1 cm
a tumor is classified as any
mass above normal size with no useful purpose
neoplasms are
new growth where cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive
Lesions that lie flat and even with mucosa are
bruises (ecchymosis), petechiae, purpura
Petechiae are
small red/purple blotches
Purpura are brown/purple spots from
bleeding in underlying tissues
Thick white patches that cannot be removed are
leukoplakia
lichen Planus are interconnecting
lines of white patchy lesions
Whickens straie is
interconnecting lines of lesions
Candidiasis
yeast infection of oral mucosa, solid white coating
The most common oral fungi is
candidiasis
Psedomembrane candidiasis is a
creamy white plaques (Cottage cheese) that can be scraped off
Pseudomembrane stand for
false membrane/tissue
Hyperplastic Candidiasis is
with plaques that can’t be removed on buccal mucosa
Atrophic candidiasis are red
pebble patches on palates and dosas or the tongue
Canker sores are AKA
aphthous ulcers
RAU stands for
recurrent aphthous ulcers
Minor RAU
occurs 6x a year, 90% of cases
Major RAU
more frequent & intense, 10% of cases
Cellulitis is uncontrolled
inflammation in a localized area. Due to periodontal infections
ANUG stands for
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
ANUG effects
the tips of gums between teeth, erodes them and leave grey dead matter
Trench mouth is
ANUG
What is glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
Black hairy tongue is when
fillaform papillae are elongated and stained due to antibiotics, poor hygiene, or radiation
Geographic tongue is the
filiform papillae in irregular shapes (map like)
A fissured tongue has the appearance of
deep grooves from front to back
Pernicious anemia is when the body dosent absorb
vitamin b12. Causes loss of papillae, pain, burning, ulcers
Angular Chelitis is the
inflammation of corners of mouth, accompanies Pernicious anemia
Oral cancer is
usually not painful in early stages, and frequently fatal
Carcinomas are
abnormal cells that metastisize in other parts of the body. Affects lips, cheeks, and floor of the mouth
Adenocarcinoma is cancer of
the glands under mucosa
Sarcomas are
malignant growths from supportive connective tissues
Osteosarcoma is a
malignant tumor involving bone
Leukaemia is cancer of the
blood forming organs
signs of leukaemia are
gingival hemorrhage, gingival enlargement, spongy gingiva, bright red gingiva
Tooth decay triggered by radiation is called
radiation caries
osteoradionecrosis is
necrosis of bone as a result of radiation
herpes simplex occurs on the
lips and is contagious with contact
Type 1 herpes simplex is
cold sores, recurrent or primary
recurrent herpes simplex is
dormant and reappears later in life
Primary herpes simplex occurs in children and lasts
7-10 days
Type 2 herpes simplex is
genital herpes
herpes zoster virus is known as
shingles or varicella zoster virus, causes intraoral blisters
what is trigeminal neuralgia
inflammation of 5th nerve
