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dental assisting mda > Oral Pathology Chapter 13,14,17,19 > Flashcards

Oral Pathology Chapter 13,14,17,19 Flashcards

1
Q

A sign is when

A

evidence of disease that somebody other than the patient can observe

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2
Q

Symptom is

A

evidence observed by the patient only

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3
Q

Syndrome

A

A set of signs and symptoms occurring together

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4
Q

Oral pathology is the study of

A

disease of the oral cavity

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5
Q

Etiology

A

study of the cause of disease

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6
Q

Idiopathic

A

Cause of disease is unknown

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7
Q

Pathogen

A

microorganism capable of causing disease

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8
Q

Virulence is the strength of

A

a pathogens ability to cause disease

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9
Q

Lesion

A

a broad term for abnormal tissue in the oral cavity

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10
Q

abnormality

A

difference or malformation of normal

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11
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from what is standard, normal, expected

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12
Q

who can diagnose a patient

A

doctors/dentists

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13
Q

Inherited immunity is

A

being born with it

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14
Q

acquired immunity is

A

developed over time and exposure

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15
Q

Defence system - Natural barriers are

A

skin and mucous membranes, can include tears, earwax

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16
Q

a harmful substance causing immune response is a

A

antigen

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17
Q

an antibody is

A

specialized cells of immune system that fight antigens

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18
Q

acute inflammation

A

immediate and localized protective response to physical injury (cut or sprain)

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19
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

slow and ongoing, can result in tissue damage (Injury continues)

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20
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain

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21
Q

What is periodontal disease caused by

A

plaque, calculus (tartar), malocclusions, systemic causes (diabetes), medications

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22
Q

What is periodontal disease

A

infection of the bone structure surrounding teeth causing it to breakdown and tissue to detach

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23
Q

signs and symptoms of periodontal disease

A

Red, swollen, bleeding gums
loose separated teeth
pain/pressure when chewing
pus around teeth/gingiva

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24
Q

Less than 30% of sites affected is ___ periodontitis

A

localized

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25
Q

more than 30% of sites are affected is ____ periodontitis

A

generalized

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26
Q

What is gingivitis

A

the inflammation of gingival tissues

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27
Q

Gingivitis has no bone loss or recession of gingiva?

A

true

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28
Q

Characteristics of gingivitis is

A

red swollen gums, color may change, and gingiva bleeds easily

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29
Q

How do you treat gingivitis

A

proper oral hygiene

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30
Q

An ameloblstoma is a tumor

A

made up of dental lamina remnants that didnt disintegrate after tooth buds formed

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31
Q

Supernumerary (Hyperdontia)

A

extra teeth above the usual 32 in a dentition, occurs during initiation and proliferation

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32
Q

mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located between

A

the maxillary central incisors

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33
Q

Anodontia (Hypodontia) is the

A

absence of teeth (third molars, max lateral incisors, second premolars)

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34
Q

Macrodontia is

A

abnormally large teeth

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35
Q

Mircodontia

A

Abnormally small teeth

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36
Q

If microdontia affects a whole dentition is it commonly associated with

A

Down syndrome, or congenital heart defects

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37
Q

Peg shaped teeth are called

A

huthcinsons incisors, can also be curved notches

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38
Q

Hutchinsons incisors are associated with

A

maternal syphilis, occurs during morphodifferentiation

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39
Q

Fusion

A

joining of dentin and enamel of two or more separate teeth (looks like one clinical crown)

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40
Q

Germination

A

tooth tries to separate, the tooth has two crowns and one root. # stays the same

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41
Q

Incisal notch

A

the line of unsuccessful germination of teeth

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42
Q

twinning is when the toothbud

A 
fully divides, results in formation of an extra tooth. 
# increases
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43
Q

Concrescene

A

two teeth joined at cementum

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44
Q

dens-in dente

A

known as a tooth within a tooth, on maxillary incisors palatal surface

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45
Q

Dilaceration is when a root

A

deviated at an angle from crown (crooked)

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46
Q

what causes a root to be crooked

A

disturbance in shape of tooth, trauma, tooth eruption

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47
Q

Amelogensis imperfecta

A

incomplete enamel formation (yellow color)

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48
Q

If gingivitis is left untreated it can progress to

A

periodontal disease

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49
Q

Periodontitis is an ____ disease and can be spread through

A

infectious, saliva

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50
Q

enamel hypoplasia is

A

deficient amount of enamel, weak teeth

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51
Q

Fluorosis has two stages called

A

Fluorosis major, and fluorosis minor

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52
Q

Fluorosis minor causes

A

white spots on the teeth

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53
Q

Fluorosis major causes

A

pitted or brown stains on enamel

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54
Q

What causes fluorosis

A

ingesting to much fluoride as a child during calcification of permanent teeth

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55
Q

what are enamel pearls and where are they found

A

they are small masses of dentin and enamel found in furcations of multicoated teeth

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56
Q

dentinogenisis imperfecta is the

A

hereditary condition affecting formation of dentin

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57
Q

what does a tooth look like due to dentinogenisis imperfecta

A

opalescent/amber color

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58
Q

Natal teeth are present when

A

at birth above the gum line

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59
Q

Neonatal teeth are present

A

within 30 days after birth

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60
Q

Ankylosis is when bone fuses to

A

cementum and dentin due to lack of periodontal ligaments

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61
Q

Impaction is when a tooth

A

remains in jaw and cannot erupt from the position it is in

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62
Q

the normal wear on teeth from chewing is called

A

attrition

63
Q

bruxism is invoulentary

A

clenching and grinding

64
Q

aggressive tooth brushing can cause

A

abrasion of the teeth

65
Q

Abrasion is the

A

abnormal wear of tooth surfaces

66
Q

Chemical wearing on the teeth caused by stomach acid, sodas, etc is called

A

erosion

67
Q

Bulimia causes 3 things to happen what are they

A

erosion (decalcification), xerostomia, and enlarged parotid

68
Q

cementoclasia is the erosion of

A

cementum

69
Q

hypercementosis is the thickening of

A

cementum on the roots

70
Q

Abnormal resorption is idiopathic and diagnosed by a

A

xray

71
Q

what 3 protective measures does saliva provide

A

chemical, physical and antibacterial

72
Q

physical properties of saliva are composed of

A

water content and amount of saliva for cleaning effect

73
Q

what is the chemical component of saliva

A

phosphate, calcium and fluoride for remineralization of neutralizing acids

74
Q

Substances within saliva work together against bacteria

A

antibacterial component

75
Q

Dental caries are caused by which bacterias

A

Mutans strepococci (MS) and lactobaccili (LB)

76
Q

MS bacteria is found in

A

plaque

77
Q

LB bacteria is created from

A

sugar

78
Q

When the amount of MS and LB bacteria in the mouth increases, the ____ increases

A

risks of developing caries

79
Q

root surface caries are prominent in

A

senior population

80
Q

Secondary caries are also know as

A

recurrent carries

81
Q

where are secondary (recurrent) carries located

A

between teeth and margins of restorations

82
Q

Rampant caries are

A

rapid and widespread

83
Q

Meth mouth is a term used for

A

rampant caries

84
Q

Arrested carries have

A

no further progression

85
Q

demineralization and remineralization develops

A

dental caries

86
Q

more minerals are lost than replenished leading to

A

dental caries

87
Q

Incipent caries are responsible for

A

demineralizing enamel creating a white spot

88
Q

Overt lesions is a

A

cavity or hole

89
Q

Pulpitis is the inflammation of

A

the pulp

90
Q

Pulpitis is defined in two categories

A

reversible and irreversible

91
Q

Dead pulp is called

A

necrotic pulp

92
Q

Calcified masses of dentin in pulp is called

A

pulp stones

93
Q

Pulp resorption is the

A

internal resorption from pulp to dentin

94
Q

what happens when a cavity reaches the pulp

A

the process is accelerated in all directions

95
Q

Macrognathia and micrognathia are

A

abnormally large and small jaws

96
Q

Macogenia and microgenia are

A

abnormally large and small chins

97
Q

Macrognathia causes a

A

underbite

98
Q

Mircognathia causes a

A

overbite

99
Q

Exostosis is a

A

benign bony projection out from surface

100
Q

Torus palatinus is the

A

growth on midline of hard palate

101
Q

Tous mandibularis is a

A

growth on lingual surface near premolars

102
Q

Tongue tie is aka

A

anklyoglossia

103
Q

List the lesions found below mucosal surface

A

Ulcers, erosion, abscesses, cysts

104
Q

List the lesions found above mucosal surface

A

Blisters, pustules, hematoma, plaques

105
Q

What mass is filled with blood

A

hematoma

106
Q

which mass is filled with fluid

A

blisters

107
Q

which mass is filled with pus

A

pustules

108
Q

Lesions raised or flat are

A

nodules, tumors, neoplasm and granuloma

109
Q

Nodules are up to _cm

A

1 cm

110
Q

a tumor is classified as any

A

mass above normal size with no useful purpose

111
Q

neoplasms are

A

new growth where cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive

112
Q

Lesions that lie flat and even with mucosa are

A

bruises (ecchymosis), petechiae, purpura

113
Q

Petechiae are

A

small red/purple blotches

114
Q

Purpura are brown/purple spots from

A

bleeding in underlying tissues

115
Q

Thick white patches that cannot be removed are

A

leukoplakia

116
Q

lichen Planus are interconnecting

A

lines of white patchy lesions

117
Q

Whickens straie is

A

interconnecting lines of lesions

118
Q

Candidiasis

A

yeast infection of oral mucosa, solid white coating

119
Q

The most common oral fungi is

A

candidiasis

120
Q

Psedomembrane candidiasis is a

A

creamy white plaques (Cottage cheese) that can be scraped off

121
Q

Pseudomembrane stand for

A

false membrane/tissue

122
Q

Hyperplastic Candidiasis is

A

with plaques that can’t be removed on buccal mucosa

123
Q

Atrophic candidiasis are red

A

pebble patches on palates and dosas or the tongue

124
Q

Canker sores are AKA

A

aphthous ulcers

125
Q

RAU stands for

A

recurrent aphthous ulcers

126
Q

Minor RAU

A

occurs 6x a year, 90% of cases

127
Q

Major RAU

A

more frequent & intense, 10% of cases

128
Q

Cellulitis is uncontrolled

A

inflammation in a localized area. Due to periodontal infections

129
Q

ANUG stands for

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

130
Q

ANUG effects

A

the tips of gums between teeth, erodes them and leave grey dead matter

131
Q

Trench mouth is

A

ANUG

132
Q

What is glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

133
Q

Black hairy tongue is when

A

fillaform papillae are elongated and stained due to antibiotics, poor hygiene, or radiation

134
Q

Geographic tongue is the

A

filiform papillae in irregular shapes (map like)

135
Q

A fissured tongue has the appearance of

A

deep grooves from front to back

136
Q

Pernicious anemia is when the body dosent absorb

A

vitamin b12. Causes loss of papillae, pain, burning, ulcers

137
Q

Angular Chelitis is the

A

inflammation of corners of mouth, accompanies Pernicious anemia

138
Q

Oral cancer is

A

usually not painful in early stages, and frequently fatal

139
Q

Carcinomas are

A

abnormal cells that metastisize in other parts of the body. Affects lips, cheeks, and floor of the mouth

140
Q

Adenocarcinoma is cancer of

A

the glands under mucosa

141
Q

Sarcomas are

A

malignant growths from supportive connective tissues

142
Q

Osteosarcoma is a

A

malignant tumor involving bone

143
Q

Leukaemia is cancer of the

A

blood forming organs

144
Q

signs of leukaemia are

A

gingival hemorrhage, gingival enlargement, spongy gingiva, bright red gingiva

145
Q

Tooth decay triggered by radiation is called

A

radiation caries

146
Q

osteoradionecrosis is

A

necrosis of bone as a result of radiation

147
Q

herpes simplex occurs on the

A

lips and is contagious with contact

148
Q

Type 1 herpes simplex is

A

cold sores, recurrent or primary

149
Q

recurrent herpes simplex is

A

dormant and reappears later in life

150
Q

Primary herpes simplex occurs in children and lasts

A

7-10 days

151
Q

Type 2 herpes simplex is

A

genital herpes

152
Q

herpes zoster virus is known as

A

shingles or varicella zoster virus, causes intraoral blisters

153
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia

A

inflammation of 5th nerve

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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