Oral Pathology Chapter 13,14,17,19 Flashcards
1
Q
A sign is when
A
evidence of disease that somebody other than the patient can observe
2
Q
Symptom is
A
evidence observed by the patient only
3
Q
Syndrome
A
A set of signs and symptoms occurring together
4
Q
Oral pathology is the study of
A
disease of the oral cavity
5
Q
Etiology
A
study of the cause of disease
6
Q
Idiopathic
A
Cause of disease is unknown
7
Q
Pathogen
A
microorganism capable of causing disease
8
Q
Virulence is the strength of
A
a pathogens ability to cause disease
9
Q
Lesion
A
a broad term for abnormal tissue in the oral cavity
10
Q
abnormality
A
difference or malformation of normal
11
Q
anomaly
A
deviation from what is standard, normal, expected
12
Q
who can diagnose a patient
A
doctors/dentists
13
Q
Inherited immunity is
A
being born with it
14
Q
acquired immunity is
A
developed over time and exposure
15
Q
Defence system - Natural barriers are
A
skin and mucous membranes, can include tears, earwax
16
Q
a harmful substance causing immune response is a
A
antigen
17
Q
an antibody is
A
specialized cells of immune system that fight antigens
18
Q
acute inflammation
A
immediate and localized protective response to physical injury (cut or sprain)
19
Q
Chronic inflammation
A
slow and ongoing, can result in tissue damage (Injury continues)
20
Q
What are the 4 signs of inflammation
A
redness, swelling, heat, pain
21
Q
What is periodontal disease caused by
A
plaque, calculus (tartar), malocclusions, systemic causes (diabetes), medications
22
Q
What is periodontal disease
A
infection of the bone structure surrounding teeth causing it to breakdown and tissue to detach
23
Q
signs and symptoms of periodontal disease
A
Red, swollen, bleeding gums
loose separated teeth
pain/pressure when chewing
pus around teeth/gingiva
24
Q
Less than 30% of sites affected is ___ periodontitis
A
localized
25
more than 30% of sites are affected is ____ periodontitis
generalized
26
What is gingivitis
the inflammation of gingival tissues
27
Gingivitis has no bone loss or recession of gingiva?
true
28
Characteristics of gingivitis is
red swollen gums, color may change, and gingiva bleeds easily
29
How do you treat gingivitis
proper oral hygiene
30
An ameloblstoma is a tumor
made up of dental lamina remnants that didnt disintegrate after tooth buds formed
31
Supernumerary (Hyperdontia)
extra teeth above the usual 32 in a dentition, occurs during initiation and proliferation
32
mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located between
the maxillary central incisors
33
Anodontia (Hypodontia) is the
absence of teeth (third molars, max lateral incisors, second premolars)
34
Macrodontia is
abnormally large teeth
35
Mircodontia
Abnormally small teeth
36
If microdontia affects a whole dentition is it commonly associated with
Down syndrome, or congenital heart defects
37
Peg shaped teeth are called
huthcinsons incisors, can also be curved notches
38
Hutchinsons incisors are associated with
maternal syphilis, occurs during morphodifferentiation
39
Fusion
joining of dentin and enamel of two or more separate teeth (looks like one clinical crown)
40
Germination
tooth tries to separate, the tooth has two crowns and one root. # stays the same
41
Incisal notch
the line of unsuccessful germination of teeth
42
twinning is when the toothbud
```
fully divides, results in formation of an extra tooth.
# increases
```
43
Concrescene
two teeth joined at cementum
44
dens-in dente
known as a tooth within a tooth, on maxillary incisors palatal surface
45
Dilaceration is when a root
deviated at an angle from crown (crooked)
46
what causes a root to be crooked
disturbance in shape of tooth, trauma, tooth eruption
47
Amelogensis imperfecta
incomplete enamel formation (yellow color)
48
If gingivitis is left untreated it can progress to
periodontal disease
49
Periodontitis is an ____ disease and can be spread through
infectious, saliva
50
enamel hypoplasia is
deficient amount of enamel, weak teeth
51
Fluorosis has two stages called
Fluorosis major, and fluorosis minor
52
Fluorosis minor causes
white spots on the teeth
53
Fluorosis major causes
pitted or brown stains on enamel
54
What causes fluorosis
ingesting to much fluoride as a child during calcification of permanent teeth
55
what are enamel pearls and where are they found
they are small masses of dentin and enamel found in furcations of multicoated teeth
56
dentinogenisis imperfecta is the
hereditary condition affecting formation of dentin
57
what does a tooth look like due to dentinogenisis imperfecta
opalescent/amber color
58
Natal teeth are present when
at birth above the gum line
59
Neonatal teeth are present
within 30 days after birth
60
Ankylosis is when bone fuses to
cementum and dentin due to lack of periodontal ligaments
61
Impaction is when a tooth
remains in jaw and cannot erupt from the position it is in
62
the normal wear on teeth from chewing is called
attrition
63
bruxism is invoulentary
clenching and grinding
64
aggressive tooth brushing can cause
abrasion of the teeth
65
Abrasion is the
abnormal wear of tooth surfaces
66
Chemical wearing on the teeth caused by stomach acid, sodas, etc is called
erosion
67
Bulimia causes 3 things to happen what are they
erosion (decalcification), xerostomia, and enlarged parotid
68
cementoclasia is the erosion of
cementum
69
hypercementosis is the thickening of
cementum on the roots
70
Abnormal resorption is idiopathic and diagnosed by a
xray
71
what 3 protective measures does saliva provide
chemical, physical and antibacterial
72
physical properties of saliva are composed of
water content and amount of saliva for cleaning effect
73
what is the chemical component of saliva
phosphate, calcium and fluoride for remineralization of neutralizing acids
74
Substances within saliva work together against bacteria
antibacterial component
75
Dental caries are caused by which bacterias
Mutans strepococci (MS) and lactobaccili (LB)
76
MS bacteria is found in
plaque
77
LB bacteria is created from
sugar
78
When the amount of MS and LB bacteria in the mouth increases, the ____ increases
risks of developing caries
79
root surface caries are prominent in
senior population
80
Secondary caries are also know as
recurrent carries
81
where are secondary (recurrent) carries located
between teeth and margins of restorations
82
Rampant caries are
rapid and widespread
83
Meth mouth is a term used for
rampant caries
84
Arrested carries have
no further progression
85
demineralization and remineralization develops
dental caries
86
more minerals are lost than replenished leading to
dental caries
87
Incipent caries are responsible for
demineralizing enamel creating a white spot
88
Overt lesions is a
cavity or hole
89
Pulpitis is the inflammation of
the pulp
90
Pulpitis is defined in two categories
reversible and irreversible
91
Dead pulp is called
necrotic pulp
92
Calcified masses of dentin in pulp is called
pulp stones
93
Pulp resorption is the
internal resorption from pulp to dentin
94
what happens when a cavity reaches the pulp
the process is accelerated in all directions
95
Macrognathia and micrognathia are
abnormally large and small jaws
96
Macogenia and microgenia are
abnormally large and small chins
97
Macrognathia causes a
underbite
98
Mircognathia causes a
overbite
99
Exostosis is a
benign bony projection out from surface
100
Torus palatinus is the
growth on midline of hard palate
101
Tous mandibularis is a
growth on lingual surface near premolars
102
Tongue tie is aka
anklyoglossia
103
List the lesions found below mucosal surface
Ulcers, erosion, abscesses, cysts
104
List the lesions found above mucosal surface
Blisters, pustules, hematoma, plaques
105
What mass is filled with blood
hematoma
106
which mass is filled with fluid
blisters
107
which mass is filled with pus
pustules
108
Lesions raised or flat are
nodules, tumors, neoplasm and granuloma
109
Nodules are up to _cm
1 cm
110
a tumor is classified as any
mass above normal size with no useful purpose
111
neoplasms are
new growth where cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive
112
Lesions that lie flat and even with mucosa are
bruises (ecchymosis), petechiae, purpura
113
Petechiae are
small red/purple blotches
114
Purpura are brown/purple spots from
bleeding in underlying tissues
115
Thick white patches that cannot be removed are
leukoplakia
116
lichen Planus are interconnecting
lines of white patchy lesions
117
Whickens straie is
interconnecting lines of lesions
118
Candidiasis
yeast infection of oral mucosa, solid white coating
119
The most common oral fungi is
candidiasis
120
Psedomembrane candidiasis is a
creamy white plaques (Cottage cheese) that can be scraped off
121
Pseudomembrane stand for
false membrane/tissue
122
Hyperplastic Candidiasis is
with plaques that can't be removed on buccal mucosa
123
Atrophic candidiasis are red
pebble patches on palates and dosas or the tongue
124
Canker sores are AKA
aphthous ulcers
125
RAU stands for
recurrent aphthous ulcers
126
Minor RAU
occurs 6x a year, 90% of cases
127
Major RAU
more frequent & intense, 10% of cases
128
Cellulitis is uncontrolled
inflammation in a localized area. Due to periodontal infections
129
ANUG stands for
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
130
ANUG effects
the tips of gums between teeth, erodes them and leave grey dead matter
131
Trench mouth is
ANUG
132
What is glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
133
Black hairy tongue is when
fillaform papillae are elongated and stained due to antibiotics, poor hygiene, or radiation
134
Geographic tongue is the
filiform papillae in irregular shapes (map like)
135
A fissured tongue has the appearance of
deep grooves from front to back
136
Pernicious anemia is when the body dosent absorb
vitamin b12. Causes loss of papillae, pain, burning, ulcers
137
Angular Chelitis is the
inflammation of corners of mouth, accompanies Pernicious anemia
138
Oral cancer is
usually not painful in early stages, and frequently fatal
139
Carcinomas are
abnormal cells that metastisize in other parts of the body. Affects lips, cheeks, and floor of the mouth
140
Adenocarcinoma is cancer of
the glands under mucosa
141
Sarcomas are
malignant growths from supportive connective tissues
142
Osteosarcoma is a
malignant tumor involving bone
143
Leukaemia is cancer of the
blood forming organs
144
signs of leukaemia are
gingival hemorrhage, gingival enlargement, spongy gingiva, bright red gingiva
145
Tooth decay triggered by radiation is called
radiation caries
146
osteoradionecrosis is
necrosis of bone as a result of radiation
147
herpes simplex occurs on the
lips and is contagious with contact
148
Type 1 herpes simplex is
cold sores, recurrent or primary
149
recurrent herpes simplex is
dormant and reappears later in life
150
Primary herpes simplex occurs in children and lasts
7-10 days
151
Type 2 herpes simplex is
genital herpes
152
herpes zoster virus is known as
shingles or varicella zoster virus, causes intraoral blisters
153
what is trigeminal neuralgia
inflammation of 5th nerve
