Anatomy + Physiology Chapters 6 -7 Flashcards by rebecca hannigan

What is anatomy

The study of shapes and structures in the human body

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Anatomical position is___

Standing erect, eyes and head forward, feet together and arms at sides with palms forward

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Superior/inferior

Above/higher and Below/under

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Directional term for towards the front

Anterior or vental

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Directional term for towards the back

Posterior or Dorsal

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Which surface do directional terms not standardly apply too?

The tongue (upper surface is dorsal when horizontal)
(Lower surface is ventral when horizontal)

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Sagittal plane is when the body is ____

Split down the middle, left and right sides

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Transverse/Horizontal plane is ____

top and bottom - Superior and inferior positions

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Frontal/coronal plane is ___

front and back - Anterior and Posterior

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Midsagittal means the body is split into what?

Equal left and right sections, the midline/median

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The dorsal cavity has 2 smaller cavities, what are they called?

Cranial and spinal cavities

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The ventral cavity has 3 smaller cavities, what are they called?

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

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The head, neck and torso are apart of what skeletal body region

the axial skeleton

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the appendicular Skeleton has ___

limbs, joints, pelvic and shoulder girdles

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What is the smallest and largest structural units?

Cells and body systems

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Can organs function with only one tissue type?

No.

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Stems cells

Immature and unspecialized cells

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Organelles are located in what part of the cell?

Cytoplasm

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Epithelial tissue

covering protecting internal and external surfaces

(organ lining, skin, oral lining)

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Connective tissue

Support material for the body (Tendons, ligaments, cartilage)

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Are intentional movements voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary

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Involentary movements are ____

necessary automatic movements (heartbeat, pupils, stomach churning)

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smooth muscle tissue acts _____

on its own

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Striated muscle tissue is _____

controlled

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How many bones total are in the body

206

How many bones in the axial skeleton

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

126

Periostium is tissue that ___

Covers bones and is responsible for repairing and healing

Compact/cortical bone

Hard, dense, outer layer of bone

Cancellous bone

Spongey interior of bone

Cancellous bone contains needle like projections called ___ that house ___

Trabeculae, red and yellow bone marrow

what is a process in bone

a outward projection on a bone

what is a foramen

a small road opening in bone for nerves, ligaments and blood vessels to pass

name the bones of the inner ear (cranial)

malleus, incus, stapes

what does red bone marrow contain

red and white blood cells, and platelets

Yellow bone marrow is mainly composed of ___

fat cells

In bone formation, osteoblasts are responsible for

mineralization- creating bone tissue

Demineralization is done by

Osteoclasts

Carlitage is made up of what kind of tissue?

Connective tissue

The joint found in the tooth socket is called the

Gomphoses

What are the 3 types of joint movement

Fiberous, cartilaginous, synovial

what kind of movement does a fibrous joint have?

None

The joint type with limited movement is called the

Cartilaginous joint

The most common joint type with full movement is called

synovial joints

TMJ joint is composed of 2 joints, what are they

Hinge and gliding

joints

ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, gomphoses

What muscle looks striated but acts smooth

Cardiac muscle

Attached to bone, makes movement possible and is voluntary

striated muscle tissue

moves internal organs and is involuntary

smooth muscle tissue

Muscle origin

Where it begins, with a fixed attachment closer to the midline

Muscle Insertion

Where it ends, moveable and father from the midline

the right side of the heart is responsible for

sending blood to the lungs

The left side of the heart is responsible for

sending and receiving oxygenated blood

Arteries

Carry blood Away from the heart to the body

Capillaries

Mirco vessels that connect arterial and venous systems

Veins

returns waste filled blood to the heart to be filtered

Where can you find the Nasopharengeal tonsils?

The nasopharynx (Upper nasal cavity)

Where can you find the palatine tonsils?

The oropharynx between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces

Ligual tonsils are located where?

The back of the tongue

what body system is responsible for sending directions and instructions to the organs

The nervous system

Associative neurons

Carry impulse from one neutron to another (motor and sensory connection)

Motor neurons

Movement - Impulse carried away from brain to muscles and glands

Sensory neurons

skin or sense organs

the space between neurons/where they meet is called the

synapse

how do impulses get to the synapse

through neurotransmitters

Nerves covered in myelin are called___

white matter

Nerves without myelin are ____

Grey matter (brain)

The endocrine system is responsible for

secreting and regulating hormones

5 Steps of digestive system

1. Ingestion, 2. Digestion, 3. Movement, 4. Absorption, 5. Elimination

CNS

Central Nervous System

PNS

Peripheral Nervous system

The CNS is composed of the

Brain and spinal cord. A pathway for impulses to and from the brain

The 2 systems in the PNS are ...

Autonomic nervous system (Conscious) and Somatic nervous system (unconscious)

The Lymphatic system is responsible for

defence against disease

what anchors the periosteum to the bone

Sharpeys fibers

The PNS is composed of

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

The automatic nervous system is divded into 2 types

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A fossa is what in a bone

A hollow, grooved, or depressed area

Coroniod process location

The anterior of each ramus

Alveolar Process

supports the teeth, projection of the mandible and maxilla

Temporal Process

extends towards the temporal bone, articulates with the zygomatic to form zygomatic arch

Glenoid Fossa is

area of the temporal bone where mandible articulates with the skull (TMJ Joint)

where is the Mental Foramen located

On the chin

Mandibular foramen is

for the inferior alveolar nerve to pass through

Where is the mandibular foramen located

The inferior of the ramus on each side

Infraorbital foramen Location

below orbit

Supraorbital foramen location

holes in frontal bone above orbit

Sagittal suture connects what bones

both parietal bones on the midline

Coronal suture connects what bones

the frontal and parietal bones on the crown

Lambdoid suture connects what bones

joins both parietal bones with the occipital at base

squamous suture is where

joins the temporal bone with parietal on each side

Mental protuberance

part of mandible forming the chin

What single bone dosent articulate with any others

The Hyoid bone

Articular eminence

Raised part on the temporal bone