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dental assisting mda > Anatomy + Physiology Chapters 6 -7 > Flashcards

Anatomy + Physiology Chapters 6 -7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy

A

The study of shapes and structures in the human body

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2
Q

Anatomical position is___

A

Standing erect, eyes and head forward, feet together and arms at sides with palms forward

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3
Q

Superior/inferior

A

Above/higher and Below/under

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4
Q

Directional term for towards the front

A

Anterior or vental

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5
Q

Directional term for towards the back

A

Posterior or Dorsal

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6
Q

Which surface do directional terms not standardly apply too?

A 
The tongue (upper surface is dorsal when horizontal)
(Lower surface is ventral when horizontal)
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7
Q

Sagittal plane is when the body is ____

A

Split down the middle, left and right sides

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8
Q

Transverse/Horizontal plane is ____

A

top and bottom - Superior and inferior positions

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9
Q

Frontal/coronal plane is ___

A

front and back - Anterior and Posterior

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10
Q

Midsagittal means the body is split into what?

A

Equal left and right sections, the midline/median

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11
Q

The dorsal cavity has 2 smaller cavities, what are they called?

A

Cranial and spinal cavities

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12
Q

The ventral cavity has 3 smaller cavities, what are they called?

A

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

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13
Q

The head, neck and torso are apart of what skeletal body region

A

the axial skeleton

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14
Q

the appendicular Skeleton has ___

A

limbs, joints, pelvic and shoulder girdles

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15
Q

What is the smallest and largest structural units?

A

Cells and body systems

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16
Q

Can organs function with only one tissue type?

A

No.

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17
Q

Stems cells

A

Immature and unspecialized cells

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18
Q

Organelles are located in what part of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covering protecting internal and external surfaces

(organ lining, skin, oral lining)

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20
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support material for the body (Tendons, ligaments, cartilage)

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21
Q

Are intentional movements voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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22
Q

Involentary movements are ____

A

necessary automatic movements (heartbeat, pupils, stomach churning)

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23
Q

smooth muscle tissue acts _____

A

on its own

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24
Q

Striated muscle tissue is _____

A

controlled

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25
Q

How many bones total are in the body

A

206

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26
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton

A

80

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27
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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28
Q

Periostium is tissue that ___

A

Covers bones and is responsible for repairing and healing

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29
Q

Compact/cortical bone

A

Hard, dense, outer layer of bone

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30
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongey interior of bone

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31
Q

Cancellous bone contains needle like projections called ___ that house ___

A

Trabeculae, red and yellow bone marrow

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32
Q

what is a process in bone

A

a outward projection on a bone

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33
Q

what is a foramen

A

a small road opening in bone for nerves, ligaments and blood vessels to pass

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34
Q

name the bones of the inner ear (cranial)

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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35
Q

what does red bone marrow contain

A

red and white blood cells, and platelets

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36
Q

Yellow bone marrow is mainly composed of ___

A

fat cells

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37
Q

In bone formation, osteoblasts are responsible for

A

mineralization- creating bone tissue

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38
Q

Demineralization is done by

A

Osteoclasts

39
Q

Carlitage is made up of what kind of tissue?

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

The joint found in the tooth socket is called the

A

Gomphoses

41
Q

What are the 3 types of joint movement

A

Fiberous, cartilaginous, synovial

42
Q

what kind of movement does a fibrous joint have?

A

None

43
Q

The joint type with limited movement is called the

A

Cartilaginous joint

44
Q

The most common joint type with full movement is called

A

synovial joints

45
Q

TMJ joint is composed of 2 joints, what are they

A

Hinge and gliding

46
Q

joints

A

ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, gomphoses

47
Q

What muscle looks striated but acts smooth

A

Cardiac muscle

48
Q

Attached to bone, makes movement possible and is voluntary

A

striated muscle tissue

49
Q

moves internal organs and is involuntary

A

smooth muscle tissue

50
Q

Muscle origin

A

Where it begins, with a fixed attachment closer to the midline

51
Q

Muscle Insertion

A

Where it ends, moveable and father from the midline

52
Q

the right side of the heart is responsible for

A

sending blood to the lungs

53
Q

The left side of the heart is responsible for

A

sending and receiving oxygenated blood

54
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood Away from the heart to the body

55
Q

Capillaries

A

Mirco vessels that connect arterial and venous systems

56
Q

Veins

A

returns waste filled blood to the heart to be filtered

57
Q

Where can you find the Nasopharengeal tonsils?

A

The nasopharynx (Upper nasal cavity)

58
Q

Where can you find the palatine tonsils?

A

The oropharynx between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces

59
Q

Ligual tonsils are located where?

A

The back of the tongue

60
Q

what body system is responsible for sending directions and instructions to the organs

A

The nervous system

61
Q

Associative neurons

A

Carry impulse from one neutron to another (motor and sensory connection)

62
Q

Motor neurons

A

Movement - Impulse carried away from brain to muscles and glands

63
Q

Sensory neurons

A

skin or sense organs

64
Q

the space between neurons/where they meet is called the

A

synapse

65
Q

how do impulses get to the synapse

A

through neurotransmitters

66
Q

Nerves covered in myelin are called___

A

white matter

67
Q

Nerves without myelin are ____

A

Grey matter (brain)

68
Q

The endocrine system is responsible for

A

secreting and regulating hormones

69
Q

5 Steps of digestive system

A
  1. Ingestion, 2. Digestion, 3. Movement, 4. Absorption, 5. Elimination
70
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

71
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous system

72
Q

The CNS is composed of the

A

Brain and spinal cord. A pathway for impulses to and from the brain

73
Q

The 2 systems in the PNS are …

A

Autonomic nervous system (Conscious) and Somatic nervous system (unconscious)

74
Q

The Lymphatic system is responsible for

A

defence against disease

75
Q

what anchors the periosteum to the bone

A

Sharpeys fibers

76
Q

The PNS is composed of

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

77
Q

The automatic nervous system is divded into 2 types

A

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

78
Q

A fossa is what in a bone

A

A hollow, grooved, or depressed area

79
Q

Coroniod process location

A

The anterior of each ramus

80
Q

Alveolar Process

A

supports the teeth, projection of the mandible and maxilla

81
Q

Temporal Process

A

extends towards the temporal bone, articulates with the zygomatic to form zygomatic arch

82
Q

Glenoid Fossa is

A

area of the temporal bone where mandible articulates with the skull (TMJ Joint)

83
Q

where is the Mental Foramen located

A

On the chin

84
Q

Mandibular foramen is

A

for the inferior alveolar nerve to pass through

85
Q

Where is the mandibular foramen located

A

The inferior of the ramus on each side

86
Q

Infraorbital foramen Location

A

below orbit

87
Q

Supraorbital foramen location

A

holes in frontal bone above orbit

88
Q

Sagittal suture connects what bones

A

both parietal bones on the midline

89
Q

Coronal suture connects what bones

A

the frontal and parietal bones on the crown

90
Q

Lambdoid suture connects what bones

A

joins both parietal bones with the occipital at base

91
Q

squamous suture is where

A

joins the temporal bone with parietal on each side

92
Q

Mental protuberance

A

part of mandible forming the chin

93
Q

What single bone dosent articulate with any others

A

The Hyoid bone

94
Q

Articular eminence

A

Raised part on the temporal bone

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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