Anatomy + Physiology Chapters 6 -7 Flashcards
What is anatomy
The study of shapes and structures in the human body
Anatomical position is___
Standing erect, eyes and head forward, feet together and arms at sides with palms forward
Superior/inferior
Above/higher and Below/under
Directional term for towards the front
Anterior or vental
Directional term for towards the back
Posterior or Dorsal
Which surface do directional terms not standardly apply too?
The tongue (upper surface is dorsal when horizontal) (Lower surface is ventral when horizontal)
Sagittal plane is when the body is ____
Split down the middle, left and right sides
Transverse/Horizontal plane is ____
top and bottom - Superior and inferior positions
Frontal/coronal plane is ___
front and back - Anterior and Posterior
Midsagittal means the body is split into what?
Equal left and right sections, the midline/median
The dorsal cavity has 2 smaller cavities, what are they called?
Cranial and spinal cavities
The ventral cavity has 3 smaller cavities, what are they called?
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
The head, neck and torso are apart of what skeletal body region
the axial skeleton
the appendicular Skeleton has ___
limbs, joints, pelvic and shoulder girdles
What is the smallest and largest structural units?
Cells and body systems
Can organs function with only one tissue type?
No.
Stems cells
Immature and unspecialized cells
Organelles are located in what part of the cell?
Cytoplasm
Epithelial tissue
covering protecting internal and external surfaces
(organ lining, skin, oral lining)
Connective tissue
Support material for the body (Tendons, ligaments, cartilage)
Are intentional movements voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Involentary movements are ____
necessary automatic movements (heartbeat, pupils, stomach churning)
smooth muscle tissue acts _____
on its own
Striated muscle tissue is _____
controlled
How many bones total are in the body
206
How many bones in the axial skeleton
80
How many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
Periostium is tissue that ___
Covers bones and is responsible for repairing and healing
Compact/cortical bone
Hard, dense, outer layer of bone
Cancellous bone
Spongey interior of bone
Cancellous bone contains needle like projections called ___ that house ___
Trabeculae, red and yellow bone marrow
what is a process in bone
a outward projection on a bone
what is a foramen
a small road opening in bone for nerves, ligaments and blood vessels to pass
name the bones of the inner ear (cranial)
malleus, incus, stapes
what does red bone marrow contain
red and white blood cells, and platelets
Yellow bone marrow is mainly composed of ___
fat cells
In bone formation, osteoblasts are responsible for
mineralization- creating bone tissue
Demineralization is done by
Osteoclasts
Carlitage is made up of what kind of tissue?
Connective tissue
The joint found in the tooth socket is called the
Gomphoses
What are the 3 types of joint movement
Fiberous, cartilaginous, synovial
what kind of movement does a fibrous joint have?
None
The joint type with limited movement is called the
Cartilaginous joint
The most common joint type with full movement is called
synovial joints
TMJ joint is composed of 2 joints, what are they
Hinge and gliding
joints
ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, gomphoses
What muscle looks striated but acts smooth
Cardiac muscle
Attached to bone, makes movement possible and is voluntary
striated muscle tissue
moves internal organs and is involuntary
smooth muscle tissue
Muscle origin
Where it begins, with a fixed attachment closer to the midline
Muscle Insertion
Where it ends, moveable and father from the midline
the right side of the heart is responsible for
sending blood to the lungs
The left side of the heart is responsible for
sending and receiving oxygenated blood
Arteries
Carry blood Away from the heart to the body
Capillaries
Mirco vessels that connect arterial and venous systems
Veins
returns waste filled blood to the heart to be filtered
Where can you find the Nasopharengeal tonsils?
The nasopharynx (Upper nasal cavity)
Where can you find the palatine tonsils?
The oropharynx between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces
Ligual tonsils are located where?
The back of the tongue
what body system is responsible for sending directions and instructions to the organs
The nervous system
Associative neurons
Carry impulse from one neutron to another (motor and sensory connection)
Motor neurons
Movement - Impulse carried away from brain to muscles and glands
Sensory neurons
skin or sense organs
the space between neurons/where they meet is called the
synapse
how do impulses get to the synapse
through neurotransmitters
Nerves covered in myelin are called___
white matter
Nerves without myelin are ____
Grey matter (brain)
The endocrine system is responsible for
secreting and regulating hormones
5 Steps of digestive system
- Ingestion, 2. Digestion, 3. Movement, 4. Absorption, 5. Elimination
CNS
Central Nervous System
PNS
Peripheral Nervous system
The CNS is composed of the
Brain and spinal cord. A pathway for impulses to and from the brain
The 2 systems in the PNS are …
Autonomic nervous system (Conscious) and Somatic nervous system (unconscious)
The Lymphatic system is responsible for
defence against disease
what anchors the periosteum to the bone
Sharpeys fibers
The PNS is composed of
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
The automatic nervous system is divded into 2 types
the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
A fossa is what in a bone
A hollow, grooved, or depressed area
Coroniod process location
The anterior of each ramus
Alveolar Process
supports the teeth, projection of the mandible and maxilla
Temporal Process
extends towards the temporal bone, articulates with the zygomatic to form zygomatic arch
Glenoid Fossa is
area of the temporal bone where mandible articulates with the skull (TMJ Joint)
where is the Mental Foramen located
On the chin
Mandibular foramen is
for the inferior alveolar nerve to pass through
Where is the mandibular foramen located
The inferior of the ramus on each side
Infraorbital foramen Location
below orbit
Supraorbital foramen location
holes in frontal bone above orbit
Sagittal suture connects what bones
both parietal bones on the midline
Coronal suture connects what bones
the frontal and parietal bones on the crown
Lambdoid suture connects what bones
joins both parietal bones with the occipital at base
squamous suture is where
joins the temporal bone with parietal on each side
Mental protuberance
part of mandible forming the chin
What single bone dosent articulate with any others
The Hyoid bone
Articular eminence
Raised part on the temporal bone
