Oral Surgery Chapter 56 + 53 Flashcards
what are the 3 category’s of extraction
emergency, preventative and conservative
preventative extraction removes teeth for ___ cases
ortho
two types of dental extraction
simple(above gums) and surgical(impacted)
decayed teeth unable to be restored, no vital teeth, insufficient bone support are all indications for
oral surgery
what types of x-rays are beneficial for oral surgery
pa, panoramic, occlusal and extra oral
why must the stomach be empty prior to general anesthesia
the anesthesia may cause vomiting and can be aspirated into the lungs while unconscious
what are the surgical asepsis components
sterile field, surgical scrub, sterile gloves, protective eyewear
how long can a surgical set up sit before it is no longer considered sterile
1 hour
how long is a surgical scrub
7 minutes. Wash up to elbows and under nails
chlorahexadine and idophor are used for the antiseptic in ___
a surgical scrub brush
what 4 types of sedation are used in oral surgery
tranquilizers, barbiturates, iv conscious sedation and general anesthesia
anesthesia used in oral surgery are
local anesthesia and nitrous oxide
when giving post op instructions to surgery patients you must give it ___ and __
verbally and written. ensure patient is not driving
when sterilizing hinged instruments they are placed in what position
open
what are surgical instruments classified as
critical items - must be sterilized before use
how long is a sterile gauze pressure pack placed after procedure
at least 30-45 minutes in order to secure blood clot in wound
an at home remedy for bleeding control is using a black tea bag for 20 minutes on the wound. this helps due to the
tannic acids in the tea. helps form a clot
how is sterile gauze made in a pinch
putting it in a pouch and running through the sterilizer
for swelling control, during the first 24 hours what is used
cold packs - 20 mins on 20 mins off
after 24 hours to control swelling you can
use external heat to promote healing and use a saline rinse every 2 hours
alveolar osteitis or alveolitis is another term for
dry socket
how do you know a dry socket has occurred
the pain from extraction diminishes and returns after 2-4 days. accompanied by foul taste /odour.
who is more susceptible to a dry socket
those who don’t follow at home instructions and women taking contraceptives cause estrogen can prevent healing
flushing out the socket with a syringe and placing medicated dressings are treatment for
dry socket
what are two types of medicated dressings
idoform and eugenol gauze
what type of grasp is most common when passing instruments
palm grasp
what are periosteal elevators used for
they loosen the teeth but retracting the periosteum from the surface of bone
straight and angular elevators are used to
apply leverage to loosen the tooth from the periodontal ligaments
root tip picks are right angled ends with a pointed spoon and used to
remove root tips or fragments left behind after extraction
forceps are used to remove teeth by grasping the tooth around and below the __
CEJ ( cementoenamel junction)
universal maxillary forceps are numbered ___ and can be used on either side of the arch
150
18L and 18R have asymmetrical beaks are used on the
max left and max right
88R forceps are used for the ___ and both beaks are __
max right and pointed
18L and 18R forceps have asymmetrical beaks, the buccal side is ___ and the palatal side is ___
Buccal = pointed Palatal = rounded
what numbered forceps are used on maxillary anteriors
65 and 1
Universal mandibular forceps are numbered as
151
Modified cow horn forceps are numbered as
15 - beaks are longer
Cow horn forceps are numbered as
16
13 forceps are used for mandibular ___ and are known as the hawksbill
anteriors and premolars
150S and 151S are the universal ___ forceps
pedodontic. 150 max 151 mand
surgical curettes resemble a large spoon excavator with sharp edges, what are they used for
to scrape inside socket to remove diseased tissues
what is a Bard Parker
the metal handle to hold disposable scalpel blades
what is used to retract tissue, remove root tips, clamp blood vessels and grasp loose objects
hemostats - big scissors with grooved beaks
a mallet and chisel can be used to
remove or reshape bone
when trimming and shaping alveolar bone a __ is used
rongeur
after the rongeur removes bone what is used to smooth it
a bone file only used after cutting
what should surgical scissors never be used for
non surgical tasks - it dulls the cutting surface
where are bite blocks placed
on the opposite side of mouth from treating area
the tip of a ___ is much narrower than HVE tips in order to access the bottom of the socket
surgical aspirator
surgical burs can be used to remove bone, cut crowns or roots and have an extra ____ to reach surgical site
extra long shank
if a scalpel has been used, what must follow
sutures
how long do sutures remain in place if non absorbable
5 to 7 days
suture scissors have a small groove in one beak and are used to
cute suture material
needle holders have criss cross patterned beaks and a locking mechanism in order to
firmly grasp the needle
plain and chromic catgut, collagen, polydioxanone, polyglycolic acid are all forms of __ sutures
absorbable
non absorbable sutures are commonly named after the __
material they’re made of
what are 3 indications for a dental implant
to replace one or more teeth, support a bridge or denture and prevent bone loss and gum recession
what evaluations must a patient go through to be considered for an implant
physical exam, psychological evaluation and med history evaluation
what is the surgeon looking at from radiographs prior to implants
height, width and amount of alveolar bone in the area needing an implant
can you use any commercial mouth rinses prior to complete healing of an implant
no
what are the 3 parts to an implant
the abutment&abutment screw, implant and crown
what are the two ways crowns are attached to the abutment
by a screw or cemented into place with temp cement
endosteal implants are made of titanium and are also known as
osseointergrated implants
what is osseointergration
the process of living cells of the jaw bone naturally growing around the implant
what is titanium endosteal implants coated with to promote osseointegration
hydroxyapatite
how long does it take for the implant to heal after surgery
3-6 months
what is a subperiosteal implant
a metal frame placed under the periosteum but above the bone
what is the need for a surgical stent and how is it made
they are used for proper implant placement. made from a diagnostic cast and must be sterilized before use
transosteal implants are ___
implants through the mandible attaching to a plate underneath
who is the ideal candidate for a transosteal implant
patients with severely resorbed ridges
what are mini implants used for
fixation of dentures, smaller in diameter
alveoectomy is the
removal of bone
alveoplasty is the
adding it reshaping of bone
aspirational biopsy’s are testing ___
fluid
what is removed in a incisional biopsy
part of the lesion
excisional biopsy’s remove ___ of the lesion
all of the lesion
exfoliating biopsy’s are completed by
scraping the lesion
how is a biopsy specimen stored and what is it stored in
placed fully submerged in a 10% formalin solution
why are vital signs taken in oral surgery
the have a baseline of their normal
