Med Emergency Chapter 27,29,31 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 vital signs
A
pulse rate, respiration, temperature, blood pressure
2
Q
Factors that influence vital signs are
A
emotional and physical influences
3
Q
what is an emotional influence
A
stress or fear
4
Q
Illness, eating, drinking, rushing, and exercise are examples of
A
physical influences
5
Q
A normal pulse rate for adults and kids 10+ is
A
60-100 beats per minute
6
Q
70-130 bmp is average for what age group
A
kids 1-10
7
Q
from birth to age 1 normal pulse rate is considered
A
100-150 bpm
8
Q
Tachycardia is
A
increased heart rate
9
Q
Bradycardia is
A
decreased heart rate
10
Q
What are the 3 characteristics of pulse rate
A
rate, rhythm, volume
11
Q
The number of beats during counting period is the
A
rate of pulse
12
Q
Rhythm is the
A
pattern of beats (skipping, slowing, fast)
13
Q
The force of a heart beat is called
A
volume (strong or weak)
14
Q
what 3 areas is pulse typically taken
A
radial artery, brachial artery, and carotid artery
15
Q
The artery most commonly used in dentistry for pulse rate is the
A
radial artery
16
Q
The brachial artery is also known as the
A
antecubital area
17
Q
Which finger should never be used to measure a pulse
A
your thumb, it has its own “heartbeat”
18
Q
The strongest pulse site is the ___ but it is the last to be checked in an emergency
A
the carotid artery
19
Q
what is respiration
A
the supply of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide
20
Q
normal adult respiration values are
A
10-20 breaths a minute
21
Q
child respiration values are
A
18-30 breaths a minute
22
Q
when determining respiration you
A
observe rate, rhythm, depth and quality of breath
23
Q
Males breathe primarily from
A
abdomen (diaphragm)
24
Q
females breathe primarily from
A
the costal space (chest)
25
Apnea is
the absence of breath
26
Painful/ difficult breathing is called
dyspnea
27
hyperphonea is the
increase in respiration (hyperventilation)
28
rales are the sounds of
bubbling, rattling and crackling when breathing
29
What is temperature
the degree of hotness or coldness of internal body
30
the balance of heat produced and lost/ process of physical and chemical changes in heat production is the
metabolism
31
Normal oral temp range is
37C or 98.6F
32
tympanic and rectal readings are how much higher
0.5-1 F or 0.3-0.6C than oral
33
axillary and forehead readings are how much lower
0.5-1F or 0.3-0.6C than oral
34
what controls temperature
the hypothalamus
35
what are the 4 types of thermometers
glass, digital, tympanic, and temporal scanner
36
Rectal and axillary readings take how long to measure
5 and 10 minutes
37
the fastest readings are completed by the
tympanic thermometer, takes 2 seconds
38
a digital thermometer is the most convenient but can be inaccurate if
the battery is low
39
temperatures are higher during what time of day
mid afternoon
40
temp is lower during
sleep and early morning
41
factors that have an impact on temp include
time of day, pathological state, temp increase, and unusual decrease
42
less circulation leads to a lower metabolism which creates a
low temperature
43
what is the medulla oblongata
control centre of the brain, controls pulse, BP, and respiration (NOT TEMP)
44
What are goosebumps
small contractions of muscles to create heat
45
Sweat glands dilate in order to
release sweat to cool the body
46
blood pressure is the
labor the heart exerts to pump blood through the body
47
systolic pressure creates a sharp tap and is the
highest pressure exerted (left ventricle)
48
diastolic pressure creates a soft tap and is the
heart muscles at rest (right atrium)
49
BP is measured in
Millimeters or mercury (MM HG)
50
Normal BP value is
less than 120/80 (maybe 130)
51
hypertension
high bp
52
hypotension
low bp
53
what is a sphygmomanometer
the cuff and gauge
54
prehypertension values would be
120-139/ 80-89
55
hypertension could result in
no treatment until investigated
56
hypertension stage one starts at
139-159/89-99
57
what are korotkoff sounds
systole and diastole (soft and sharp taps)
58
how many phases of korotkoff sounds are there
5 phases
59
Arrythmia is
irregularity in rhythm
60
when taking BP its important to
make sure arm is heart level and supported, cuff centered 2 inches above bend and inline with bracial artery.
61
a fetid odour is a foul smell indicating
lung, bronchial, digestive infection
62
acetone breath is sweet and fruity indicating
diabetes
63
ammonia breath indicates
kidney problems
64
the smell of alcohol indicates
patient has been drinking
65
when checking emergency kits it is done how often
routinely for the kit, weekly for expiry dates, and daily for oxygen
66
an oxygen cylinder is what color
green
67
what are the steps in prepping oxygen systems
1. check cylinder
2. clear the valve
3. attach regulator
4. open cylinder and check pressure (OVER 200PSI)
5. attach delivery device
68
what are the 3 steps to administer oxygen
1. turn on and adjust flow
2. Verify flow (hissing noise)
3. Place delivery device on patient
69
Nasal cannulas deliver how much oxygen
1-6 LPM
70
face masks deliver how much oxygen
6-15 LPM
71
non breather masks deliver how much oxygen
10-15 LPM
72
BVM devices deliver how much oxygen
15 LPM or more
73
What medicines are in an emergency kit
nitroglycerin, antihistamines, epinephrine, glucose tabs, bronchodialator
74
Tools of an emergency kit are
pocket mask, ammonia inhalant, plastic syringes, atropine
75
When do life threatening emergencies typically occur in a dental office
right after or during anesthetic is being administered
76
Bronchospasm is a
partial obstruction of the airway, treat with bronchodilator
77
An asthma attack is the narrowing of
bronchioles, treat with inhaler
78
Obstructed airways cause what symptoms
ineffective coughs, and high pitch breathing or silence
79
Snoring noises during an obstruction typically means
pharynx is partially obstructed by tongue or palate (Anaphylactic)
80
Gurgling noises indicate
fluid or object is blocking the airway
81
crowing noises indicate a
laryngeal spasm
82
What indicates an airway is totally obstructed
complete silence, and grasping of throat
83
Erythemia is
redness
84
edema is
swelling
85
urticaria is
hives
86
breathing into cupped hands can alleviate symptoms of
hyperventilation by increasing co2 supply
87
what is angina pectoris
the decrease in blood flow and narrowing of arteries causing pain
88
what differs angina from a heart attack
the pain subsides in 3-5 minutes with use or nitroglycerin
89
how do you treat an angina attack
seat patient at 45 degree angle, supply 100% O2 and give nitroglycerin sublingually, if no improvement in 3-5 give 2nd dose, repeat up to 3X total
90
what are the 4 forms of nitroglycerin
patch, spray, tablet, injection
91
what is congestive heart failure
the heart is weak and unable to properly pump blood through the body
92
diuretics are used to eliminate ___ during ____
fluid, congestive heart failure
93
dental damns, throat packing and HVE are used to
prevent obstructions
94
a heart attack is caused by
blocked or narrowed arteries
95
what are symptoms of a heart attack
pain at sternum and left arm radiating to chest, elephant on the chest
96
Victims are typically in denial when experiencing a
heart attack
97
what does CPR stand for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
98
the ABCD's of life support stand for
airway, breathing, circulation, defibrillator
99
how many compressions/minute when preforming cpr
80-100
100
should you remove dentures when performing cpr
no unless they're loose
101
what is the other name for a stroke
cerebrovascular accident ( CVA)
102
the interruption of blood flow to the brain is known as a
stroke
103
fainting is also known as
syncope
104
the most common medical emergency in a dental office is
syncope
105
syncope occurs when BP drops below
70
106
what does AED stand for
automatic external defibrillator
107
Cyanosis is
the blueish tint to skin due to poor circulation
108
how do you treat a fainting patient
put them in trendelenburg position and if that docent help administer ammonia inhalant
109
what is trendelenburg
sub supine position, head below feet
110
supine position is
flat horizontal
111
what position can you put a pregnant person in for comfort
they can lay on they're left side or we can prop up the right side with a blanket
112
diabetes mellitus is when
the body can't properly store glucose
113
type 1 diabetes is
more severe, insulin dependant, hereditary
114
type 2 diabetes is
not insulin dependant, can be controlled with hyperglycaemic drugs/diet
115
thirst, increased urination, pain, loss of appetite are symptoms of
type 2 diabetes
116
Hyperglycemia is
too much blood sugar (need insulin)
117
Hypoglycemia is
to little blood sugar (needs glucose)
118
symptoms of hyperglycaemia is
acetone, warm dry skin and mouth, rapid but weak pulse
119
symptoms of hypoglycaemia is
nervous, confused, cold sweats, hunger, personality changes, trembling, weakness
120
what are the two types of seizures
grand Mal and petite Mal sezuires
121
Petite mal seizures last 10-15 seconds and
patient has a dazed blank look with twitchy eyelids
122
Grand Mal seizures can last 3-5 minutes and
result in jerky stiff movements and or unconciousness
123
a seizure is a
abnormal electrical discharge of nerve cells
124
how do dentists control minor gingival bleeding
epinephrine (vasoconstrictor)
125
what are 4 clotting aids
oxygel, gel foam, surgicel, tannic acid
126
oxygel is
oxidized regenerated cellulose
127
what is an avulsed tooth
a tooth that's been knocked out of the socket
128
how would you transport a avulsed tooth
wrap in gauze and place in cheek, or place in glass of milk
129
how long do you have to reimplant a avulsed tooth
30 minutes
130
an abcessed tooth is a
infection of the tooth/socket
131
alveolitis is
dry socket
132
how do you treat alveolitis
rinse with saline, iodoform dressing placed inside socket
133
does a broken prosthesis cause pain
not typically
134
when would a loose crown cause pain
if pulp is exposed or restoration has sharp edges
135
what is Alzheimer's
progressive mental deterioration
136
mild memory loss, leading to loss of ability is
Alzheimer's
137
what is the antecubital fossa
the triangular area between upper arm and forearm (elbow crease)
138
angalesics are
for pain management, pain killers
139
a pulse oximeter measures
o2 in blood
140
what is a medical emergency
the acute illness or injury posing risk to overall health
