Endodontics Chapter 54 Flashcards
endodontic treatment is AKA
root canal therapy
Physical irritation is caused by what 3 things
decay moving to the pulp, heat, extensive restorations
what’s an example of pulpal nerve damage caused by trauma
a blow to the tooth or jaw
what are some symptoms of pulpal nerve damage
pain, swelling, sensitivity, fever, tenderness of gums and cracked/discoloured teeth
what is an abscess
localized collection of pus from a bacterial infection
exudate is another word for
a localized area of pus
a periodontics abscess is located where
around the tooth
a endodontic abscess is located where
within the tooth
periradicular abscesses are a inflammatory reaction to __
pulpal infection
what are periodontal abscess caused by
bacteria that is trapped within the periodontal pocket
what is a subjective examination
an evaluation of everything described by the pt
an objective examination is conducted by the
endodontist. consists of all findings after tests
a percussion test is used to determine how far inflammatory process has extended into the tissues, how is the test completed?
dentist taps on occlusal and incisal edges with the mouth mirror handle parallel to long axis of tooth to determine pain response
how is the control tooth determined
ideally the healthy tooth of same type in a different quadrant. ex, 1.4 is problem, 2.4 would be the control
is the control or tooth in question tested first
the control
how is a palpation test completed
by applying firm pressure to the mucosa above the apex of the root
thermal sensitivity tests are completed by holding hot or cold on which surface of the tooth to check for response?
the facial surface
thermal stimulus should never be used on
metallic restorations or gingival tissues
what item is used for a cold test
dry ice or carbon dioxide
what item is used for the heat test
a piece of gutta percha heated up
does necrotic pulp response to any hot or cold stimuli
no
electric pulp testing is a
small electrical stimulus delivered to the pulp to determine vitality
what is used for electric pulp testing
a tester, toothpaste as conducter placed on the cervical third of the tooth
what type of radiograph is most ideal for endodontic treatment
periapicals
a good endo film consists of
an accurate image with 3-4mm past the apex and good contrast
a working length image is taken when
the canals are open/ middle of procedure
what is normal pulp
a tooth that response is normal to stimulus, healthy layer of dentin surrounding the pulp
irreversible pulpitis produces different reactions to thermal stimulus, those being -
pain relief to cold and or extreme pain that lingers
a heat test is least useful for diagnostics because a painful response indicates
either reversible or irreversible pulpitis
does necrotic pulp respond to heat or cold
no
pulpitis is the
inflammation of dental pulp
periradicular cysts are found
at or near the root of a tooth
periradicular refers to tissues that
surround the tooth
what is a fistula
abnormal passage or drainage leading from an abscess to the surface of skin
an incision and drain procedure is preformed on teeth with ___ as a ___
teeth with apical abscesses for a temporary pain relief
indirect pulp capping is the technique used when
decay is near the pulp but not exposed pulp
direct pulp capping is for when the pulp is
partially or fully exposed
what dental material is used for pulp caps
calcium hydroxide to initiate reparative dentin
pulpotomy is the procedure in which
the coronal portion of pulp is removed
pulpectomy is preformed to remove
all of the dental pulp to prep for RCT
an endodontic explorer has longer working ends and shanks in order to
locate and examine canals
the endo spoon excavator is used to
remove nonvital pulp. Has longer shanks than most spoon excavators
Spreaders have pointed working ends and are used to
fill canals and adapt gutta percha with lateral forces
Pluggers have a blunt end similar to condensers and are used to
fill and condense gutta percha downwards in the canals
The glick #1 is similar to a woodson, with a paddle and rod shaped ends. What are they used for?
The paddle is used for temporary restoration placement and the rod is used to place gutta percha
Hand files are color coded, what do the colours indicate
the sizes
Ktype files are used for the ___ and ___
initial debridement and shape/contour of canals
Hedstrom/htype files are used to ___ due to they’re greater cutting ability
for the final enlargement of canals
reamer files are used to remove dentin and
smooth & increase canal size
broaches have tiny teeth like projections and are used to
remove inflamed viral pulp tissue & remove cotton products
extripation is the
removal of inflamed pulp tissue
rotary files are ___ type files used in the low speed
latch type
gates glidden files are a rotary file used to
enlarge pulp canals
what shape are gates glidden files
football shaped
Pesso files are used for
post preparation for final restorations
what is used to maintain the working length on a file
rubber stops
paper points are a single use ancillary instrument that are for
drying the canals
sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and chlorahexadine are all forms of
irrigation solutions that remove excess materials from canals and provide disinfection and hemorrhage control to prep canals for filling material
root canal sealers are a ___ material that seals all voids in the canal prior to obtruration
cement
lentulo spirals are used in the low speed to
disperse sealer in the canals
obturation is the
filling of canals
apicoectomy is the
surgical removal or the apical portion of the root. typically followed by a retrograde restoration
what is a retrograde restoration
a root end filling
apical cutterage is the
surgical removal of diseased tissue surrounding the apex of the root
root amputation is the removal of one or more roots in a multi rooted tooth without removing the
crown
what is a hemisection
the division of a tooth through the long axis
after placement of a dental dam, what is used to disinfect the area
iodine solution or sodium hypochlorite solution
what type of bur is used for the initial entry into the tooth
a round bur
how is working length determined
using the highest point of the incisal/occlusal surface
debridment of the canals can be achieved 2 ways, those being
mechanical (hand files) or chemical (irrigation)
what is the main gutta percha point called
the trial point or master point
what produces better retention of the gutta percha
blunting the ends prior to placement
