Endodontics Chapter 54 Flashcards by rebecca hannigan

endodontic treatment is AKA

root canal therapy

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Physical irritation is caused by what 3 things

decay moving to the pulp, heat, extensive restorations

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what’s an example of pulpal nerve damage caused by trauma

a blow to the tooth or jaw

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what are some symptoms of pulpal nerve damage

pain, swelling, sensitivity, fever, tenderness of gums and cracked/discoloured teeth

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what is an abscess

localized collection of pus from a bacterial infection

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exudate is another word for

a localized area of pus

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a periodontics abscess is located where

around the tooth

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a endodontic abscess is located where

within the tooth

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periradicular abscesses are a inflammatory reaction to __

pulpal infection

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what are periodontal abscess caused by

bacteria that is trapped within the periodontal pocket

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what is a subjective examination

an evaluation of everything described by the pt

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an objective examination is conducted by the

endodontist. consists of all findings after tests

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a percussion test is used to determine how far inflammatory process has extended into the tissues, how is the test completed?

dentist taps on occlusal and incisal edges with the mouth mirror handle parallel to long axis of tooth to determine pain response

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how is the control tooth determined

ideally the healthy tooth of same type in a different quadrant. ex, 1.4 is problem, 2.4 would be the control

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is the control or tooth in question tested first

the control

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how is a palpation test completed

by applying firm pressure to the mucosa above the apex of the root

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thermal sensitivity tests are completed by holding hot or cold on which surface of the tooth to check for response?

the facial surface

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thermal stimulus should never be used on

metallic restorations or gingival tissues

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what item is used for a cold test

dry ice or carbon dioxide

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what item is used for the heat test

a piece of gutta percha heated up

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does necrotic pulp response to any hot or cold stimuli

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electric pulp testing is a

small electrical stimulus delivered to the pulp to determine vitality

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what is used for electric pulp testing

a tester, toothpaste as conducter placed on the cervical third of the tooth

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what type of radiograph is most ideal for endodontic treatment

periapicals

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a good endo film consists of

an accurate image with 3-4mm past the apex and good contrast

a working length image is taken when

the canals are open/ middle of procedure

what is normal pulp

a tooth that response is normal to stimulus, healthy layer of dentin surrounding the pulp

irreversible pulpitis produces different reactions to thermal stimulus, those being -

pain relief to cold and or extreme pain that lingers

a heat test is least useful for diagnostics because a painful response indicates

either reversible or irreversible pulpitis

does necrotic pulp respond to heat or cold

pulpitis is the

inflammation of dental pulp

periradicular cysts are found

at or near the root of a tooth

periradicular refers to tissues that

surround the tooth

what is a fistula

abnormal passage or drainage leading from an abscess to the surface of skin

an incision and drain procedure is preformed on teeth with ___ as a ___

teeth with apical abscesses for a temporary pain relief

indirect pulp capping is the technique used when

decay is near the pulp but not exposed pulp

direct pulp capping is for when the pulp is

partially or fully exposed

what dental material is used for pulp caps

calcium hydroxide to initiate reparative dentin

pulpotomy is the procedure in which

the coronal portion of pulp is removed

pulpectomy is preformed to remove

all of the dental pulp to prep for RCT

an endodontic explorer has longer working ends and shanks in order to

locate and examine canals

the endo spoon excavator is used to

remove nonvital pulp. Has longer shanks than most spoon excavators

Spreaders have pointed working ends and are used to

fill canals and adapt gutta percha with lateral forces

Pluggers have a blunt end similar to condensers and are used to

fill and condense gutta percha downwards in the canals

The glick #1 is similar to a woodson, with a paddle and rod shaped ends. What are they used for?

The paddle is used for temporary restoration placement and the rod is used to place gutta percha

Hand files are color coded, what do the colours indicate

the sizes

Ktype files are used for the ___ and ___

initial debridement and shape/contour of canals

Hedstrom/htype files are used to ___ due to they’re greater cutting ability

for the final enlargement of canals

reamer files are used to remove dentin and

smooth & increase canal size

broaches have tiny teeth like projections and are used to

remove inflamed viral pulp tissue & remove cotton products

extripation is the

removal of inflamed pulp tissue

rotary files are ___ type files used in the low speed

latch type

gates glidden files are a rotary file used to

enlarge pulp canals

what shape are gates glidden files

football shaped

Pesso files are used for

post preparation for final restorations

what is used to maintain the working length on a file

rubber stops

paper points are a single use ancillary instrument that are for

drying the canals

sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and chlorahexadine are all forms of

irrigation solutions that remove excess materials from canals and provide disinfection and hemorrhage control to prep canals for filling material

root canal sealers are a ___ material that seals all voids in the canal prior to obtruration

cement

lentulo spirals are used in the low speed to

disperse sealer in the canals

obturation is the

filling of canals

apicoectomy is the

surgical removal or the apical portion of the root. typically followed by a retrograde restoration

what is a retrograde restoration

a root end filling

apical cutterage is the

surgical removal of diseased tissue surrounding the apex of the root

root amputation is the removal of one or more roots in a multi rooted tooth without removing the

crown

what is a hemisection

the division of a tooth through the long axis

after placement of a dental dam, what is used to disinfect the area

iodine solution or sodium hypochlorite solution

what type of bur is used for the initial entry into the tooth

a round bur

how is working length determined

using the highest point of the incisal/occlusal surface

debridment of the canals can be achieved 2 ways, those being

mechanical (hand files) or chemical (irrigation)

what is the main gutta percha point called

the trial point or master point

what produces better retention of the gutta percha

blunting the ends prior to placement