Periodontics Chapter 55 Flashcards
What is periodontics
the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases that effect supporting and surround tissues
Periodontium are the supporting tissues of the tooth, what 3 things are included in it
cementum, alveolar bone and perio ligaments
What is the main cause of periodontal disease
dental plaque/biofilm
Supragingival surfaces are located where
above the gumline
subgingival surfaces are considered
root surfaces below the gum line and can extend into pockets
what is the earliest sign of periodontal disease
gingivitis
What is dental plaque induced gingivitis
plaque present at gingival margin
why do certain medications have an effect on gingivitis
it changes the body’s reaction with plaque
gingivitis that is effected by medications is called
plaque induced gingiva disease modified by systemic factors
Periodontitis effects the
bone and connective tissues
ANUG stands for and is a
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and is an overgrowth of bacteria
ANUP is found in patients with
HIV AND AIDS
when is periodontal treatment indicated
condition is irreversible, bone loss has occurred, patient will maintain after procedure, all other options have been exhausted
what are the 3 stages of periodontitis
chronic, aggressive, necrotic
Necrotic periodontitis causes
rapid destruction and interproximal bone loss
PSR exams are used to
quickly access state of periodontal health to determine if extensive exam is required
a sulcus is when the depth is within
1-3mm
when would a measurement be considered a pocket
when it exceeds 4mm
psr exams are completed by measuring ___ in each ___
each surface and recording deepest reading in each sextant
a * is used to indicate
mobility, furcation involvment, and recession greater than 3.5mm
What is the bleeding index
used to record extent of bleeding during probe on the basis that healthy gums don’t bleed
localized periodontal disease is when
less than 30% of tissues at effected
generalized periodontal disease is when
more than 30% of tissues are effected
type I pocket depth is early/slight and consists of
red swollen gums - gingivitis
Type II moderate pocket depth is when
some bone loss occurs and pocket depth increases due to swelling
Type III Pocketing is severe and consists of
gingival and infrabony pocketing
what in health history can contribute to periodontal disease
pathological migration, cleanching/grinding, defective restorations, mobility and occlusal interferences
What type of radiographs are used to depict bone height in perio
bite wings and panoramic
what is a gingival cleft
a fissure or elongated opening on the gingiva that extends toward the root crating a V
M3 would be ___ when recorded on a chart
severe mobility
how is mobility detected
by using two blunt ends of instruments to move tooth
A pseudo/false/relative pocket is AKA the
gingival pocket- no bone loss
A suprabony periodontal pocket is when ___ bone loss occurs
horizontal bone loss inline with the crown
Infrabony periodontal pockets occur when there is ___ bone loss
vertical bone loss inline with the adjacent tooth
what is dental prophylaxis
complete removal or calculus, plaque and stains from tooth surface
non surgical perio treatment consists of
scaling, root planing, curettage to remove bio burden from periodontal pockets
Why is root planing preformed
to clear and smooth tooth surface for deposition of cementum
curettage is to
remove necrotic tissue from pocket walls
when would an ultrasonic scaler not be used
in patients with communicable diseases like TB, suscepTble to infection, respiratory problems, pacemakers, primary teeth and difficulty swallowing
Perio probes are used to
measure depth of pocket
Fucartion probes are shaped like a pig tail and used to
measure horizontal and vertical pocket depth in furfaction areas
Periodontal explores are use to
located calculus and provide tactile information on texture of root surface
sickle scalers have a straight shank and are used to remove supragingival calculus on the
anterior teeth
Jacquette scalers have 3 angles on the shank and remove calculus on the
posterior teeth
chisel scalers have a curved blade and are used for removing calculus in the
interproximal areas of anterior teeth
How scalers have a right angle at shank and are for removing calculus of the ___ and ___ surfaces of posterior teeth
buccal and lingual
what is used to crush extremely heavy calculus
files
What is the difference between curettes and scalers
curettes are used below the gum line and have a rounded tip
Scalers are used above the gum line and have a pointed end
the universal curette is used for ___ removal on __ teeth
subgivgival calculus removal on all teeth
The gracey curette is ___ specific and is for the _ and _ surfaces
area specific, mesial and distal
The kirkland knife has triangular ends and is for
creating incisions and removing soft tissues
which knife is used for removing tissue in interdental areaS
the orban knife, shaped like a spear
Periotomes have a straight and and are used to
cut periodontal ligaments
what are pocket markers used for
sharp ended cotton pliers used to make bleeding points to prep for incision
what can curettes be used for besides subgingival calculus
root planing and removing diseased tissues in pockets
what material are implant scalers, curettes and probes made of
plastic to prevent scratching
what antibiotic is preferred for perio treatments
tetracycline
The most effective agent in deciding the development of plaque and gingivitis is
chlorahexadine
what do fluorides for for perio wounds
reduce blessing and provide a bacteriocidal effect
locally devliverex antibiotics can be placed as ___ directly in the wound
a fibre, syringe, or dissolvable chip
festooning is
creating grooves in the teeth / restoring natural shape
Gingival hyperplasia is the
overgrowth of gingival tissues. Common in gingival disease but can also be caused by dilantin and cyclosporine
what are the two types of excisional surgery
gingivectomy and gingivoplasty
periocoronitis is the
inflammation of tissue around partially erupted teeth. resolved with gingivectomy
excisional surgery is the
removal of gingival tissue
what is a gingivectomy
the removal of diseased tissue
gingivoplasty is ___ where no tissue is lost
reshaping and contouring of tissues
Incisional surgery is when a flap or gingiva is ___
separated from underlaying tissue and pushed away from working area to expose root surfaces
the removal and relocation of tissue is known as
soft tissue grafting
Dehiscence is aka the Zipper of bone loss and occurs when
exposure of the tooth root due to bone loss, extends toward apex
Finest ration is a window of bone loss that occurs when
the area where roots join on a multi tooth are denuded
Osteplasty is a ___ bone surgery
additive, bone is added contoured and reshaped
ostectomy is the removal of bone, preformed on
defects to restore natural function and appearance
GTR
guided tissue regeneration - placement of a membrane to allow for selective regeneration
what are the 4 types of surgical dressings
zoe dressing, non eugenol, light cured and gelatin based dressings
how long are perio packs left on a site
one week
why are splints used
to stabilize and support mobile teeth
allergy to eugenol would create what kind of reaction when applied
redness and a burning sensation
which dressing dissolved within 24-48 hours
gelatin based dressings
