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dental assisting mda > Dental Materials Chapters 43-46 > Flashcards

Dental Materials Chapters 43-46 Flashcards

1
Q

What has to be done prior for dentin bonding to be successful

A

etching to remove the smear layer

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2
Q

etching a tooth is to remove

A

the smear layer - Thin layer of build up blocking tubules

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3
Q

bonding agents should be cured for

A

20-30 seconds

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4
Q

tooth whitening comes in what percentages

A

10,16,22

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5
Q

where do you place a dentin bond

A

on the dentin of a prepped tooth

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6
Q

Enamel bond can only be placed on what surface

A

intact enamel surfaces

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7
Q

What are 3 types of enamel bonds

A

sealants, ortho brackets, resin bonded bridges

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8
Q

Dental bonding reduces the ____ which reduces chance of ___

A

microscopic gap, microleakage

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9
Q

How does bonding improve retention

A

creates a Micromechanical retention between structure and restoration

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10
Q

3 precautions of using acid etch

A

it is corrosive, protect the pulp, avoid contact with soft tissue

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11
Q

What is the procedure for etch

A
  1. Dry cavity prep
  2. apply etch and leave for 15-30 seconds
  3. rinse and dry thoroughly
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12
Q

How does a successful etch make the tooth look

A

chalky or frosted

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13
Q

If saliva contaminates acid etch what do you have to do

A

repeat the process from step one

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14
Q

3 forms of acid etch

A

liquid/gel
maleic acid
phosphoric acid

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15
Q

How is amalgam placed in the tooth

A

placed in prep in small increments, condensed after each increment is added

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16
Q

why is amalgam condensed when placed

A

to tightly pack into the tooth, and to rise excess mercury to the top to be scraped off

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17
Q

for a small amalgam restoration a __mg capsule is used

A

600mg

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18
Q

for a large amalgam restoration a ___Mg capsule is used

A

800mg

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19
Q

What separates the powder and liquid components of a capsule

A

a thin membrane wall

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20
Q

What aids in mixing inside a capsule while in the trituration machine

A

a pestle

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21
Q

Trituration is

A

the process in which mercury and alloy powder is mixed to form amalgam

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22
Q

Trituration is AKA

A

amalgamation in an amalgamator

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23
Q

Scrap amalgam (non contact amalgam)

A

leftover pieces, capsules, etc

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24
Q

Trap amalgam (contact amalgam)

A

suction filter containing particles from mouth

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25
Q

How would you properly dispose of amalgam waste

A

in properly labelled wide mouth containers, with a tight sealing lid

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26
Q

Mercury Absorption is

A

absorbed directly through skin contact or inhalation of vapours

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27
Q

Two most common controversies of mercury

A
  1. Potential harm to patient

2. Toxicity level to DHCP

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28
Q

the amount of mercury released from pressure of chewing is

A

extremely small, you’re exposed to more in day to day life

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29
Q

What makes the mercury in amalgam restorations almost harmless

A

when its combined with the other materials the chemical nature changes

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30
Q

mercury is part of amalgam to make the mixture more ___

A

workable/pliable

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31
Q

Physical characteristics of mercury

A

liquid at room temp
vaporizes at high temp
gives plasticity
highly poisonous

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32
Q

what are the 4 metals found in alloy powder

A

silver, tin, copper, zinc

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33
Q

a 1:1 ratio of amalgam is the

A

Eames technique

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34
Q

What are the percentages of mercury to alloy

A

43-54% mercury, 57-46% alloy powder

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35
Q

Direct restorations are

A

applied/created directly in the mouth

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36
Q

what 5 materials are used for direct restorations

A 
amalgam
composite
glass ionomers
tooth whitening
temporary restorative materials
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37
Q

Indirect restorations are

A

created in a lab, bonded or cemented in place

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38
Q

4 Materials for indirect restorations

A

nobel alloys, basic metals, ceramic, porcelain

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39
Q

what is an example of a indirect restoration

A

ceramic crown, PFM crown, FG bridge

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40
Q

Polymerization is

A

the process of resin changing from a pliable state to a hardened restoration

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41
Q

Hybrid (comp resin) is a

A

combination of large and small particle, strong and shiny

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42
Q

Microfilled

A

tiny and shiny, small particles (anterior teeth)

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43
Q

Macrofilled

A

strong and dull, large particles (posterior)

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44
Q

what 4 things is resin composed of

A

organic resin matrix
inorganic fillers
coupling agent
pigment

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45
Q

organic resin matrix is a

A

fluid monomer called dimethacrylate

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46
Q

BIS-GMA stands for

A

dimethacrylate

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47
Q

the coupling agent in composite resin is for

A

bonding filler to the resin matrix creating strength

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48
Q

3 examples of inorganic fillers

A

quartz, glass, silica

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49
Q

composite resin bonds to the natural structure, therefore it

A

moves fluidly with contact and expanding movements

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50
Q

there are how many classes of glass ionomers

A

6

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51
Q

what is the most versatile dental material

A

glass ionomer

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52
Q

2 advantages of glass ionomers

A

chemically binds to the surface

releases fluoride

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53
Q

Type I glass ionomer is for

A

cementation of indirect restorations

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54
Q

type II glas ionomer is

A

class V restorations near gingiva and root surface

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55
Q

type III glass ionomer is

A

Liners and bases

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56
Q

Sealants are a class ___ glass ionomer

A

IV

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57
Q

Ortho bands and brackets are a class __ glass ionomer

A

V

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58
Q

Type VI glass ionomer is for

A

core build up restorations

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59
Q

Glass ionomer is a ___ base

A

insulating

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60
Q

polycarboxylate is a _ and _ base

A

protective and insulating

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61
Q

A non irritating cement to the root would be

A

Polycarboxylate

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62
Q

can polycarboxylate be used under direct or indirect restorations

A

yes

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63
Q

Poly carboxylate bonds to

A

enamel

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64
Q

Zinc phosphate Type II (medium grain) is used for

A

insulating base of Deep cavity preps

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65
Q

Zinc phosphate type I (fine grain) is used on

A

permanent cementation of indirect restorations

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66
Q

Castings / cast restorations are AKA

A

indirect restorations

67
Q

zinc phosphate is ___ to the pulp

A

irritating

68
Q

what would you use before a zinc phosphate cement to protect the pulp

A

a liner or desensitizer to counteract the acidity

69
Q

what should the temp of a glass slab be while mixing zinc phosphate

A

68 degrees F

70
Q

what is the cool glass slab intended to do while mixing

A

dissipate the heat and increase working time

71
Q

when mixing zinc phosphate the powder must be added to the liquid in

A

small increments

72
Q

ZOE type III (IRM) is used for

A

placement of Temporary restorations (primary teeth, emergencies, regenerative)

73
Q

ZOE cavity liner is class

A

IV

74
Q

ZOE type II is for

A

permanent cast restorations or appliances

75
Q

why is ZOE type II stonger than type I

A

it has added reinforcements to create strength to hold a permanent

76
Q

ZOE type I (temp bond) is for

A

temporary cementation/provisional coverage

77
Q

ZOE stands for

A

zinc oxide eugenol

78
Q

IRM stands for

A

intermediate restorative material

79
Q

eugenol is oil from

A

cloves that have a soothing/sedative effect on the pulp

80
Q

what is the fulcrum

A

finger rest

81
Q

what tools are used in the removal of cement

A

explorer, mirror, scaler, floss

82
Q

Variable that effect cementation are

A

temp, humidity, mixing time, liquid/powder ratio

83
Q

Permanent Luting agents are used for

A

long term cast restorations

84
Q

long term cast restorations (indirect) are

A

crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, fixed ortho appliances

85
Q

when seating crowns, luting agent must be evenly filled and equally __

A

distributed

86
Q

Temporary luting agents are used for

A

when a restoration needs to be removed later on (intermediate)

87
Q

What would you use a temp luting agent on

A

a temporary crown, bridge, veneer

88
Q

what is the consistency of a temporary luting agent

A

thick putty like, tacky and able to be rolled into a ball

89
Q

luting cement has a consistency of

A

syrup, should create a string when lifted

90
Q

luting agents act as a

A

glue holding tooth structure and casting together

91
Q

Dental cements come in forms of

A

luting agents, liners & bases, IRM

92
Q

Sedative bases

A

soothe damaged or irritated pulp

93
Q

Zinc oxide eugenol is a ___ base

A

sedative

94
Q

Insulating bases are

A

placed in deep preps to protect from thermal shock

95
Q

zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and glass ionomer are all ___ bases

A

insulating

96
Q

Protective bases

A

reduce post op sensitivity and damage to pulp

97
Q

Which base is protective and insulating

A

polycarboxylate

98
Q

dental bases are applied after liner to provide

A

pulpal protection from acidic cements

99
Q

when applying desensitizer you use a

A

cotton tip applicator and apply on exposed dentin

100
Q

What can you use in place of a varnish that does not need any prep

A

desensitizer (primer)

101
Q

desensitizer is used to seal tubules from

A

oral fluid getting between tooth and restoration

102
Q

HEMA and glutaraldehyde are found in

A

desensitizers

103
Q

HEMA stands for

A

hydroxethyl methacrylate

104
Q

Cavity varnish can only be used under which material

A

amalgam

105
Q

cavity varnish interferes with bonding and setting reactions of which materials

A

composite resin and glass ionomers

106
Q

cavity varnish is used to

A

seal dentin tubules, reduce micro leakage, and a barrier from highly acidic materials

107
Q

Calcium hydroxide is known as

A

dycal

108
Q

calcium hydroxide is used to

A

protect pulp from chemical irritation

109
Q

when would you use dycal

A

when pulp exposure is expected or seen (red spots)

110
Q

Cavity liners are used to line the

A

deepest portion of the prep and seal tubules

111
Q

cavity liners regenerate the production for

A

dentin

112
Q

Physical pulpal responses are

A

thermal and electrical

113
Q

mechanical pulpal responses are from

A

handpiece vibration and improper occlusion

114
Q

chemical pulpal responses are from

A

acids in dental materials

115
Q

biological pulpal responses are from

A

bacteria in saliva contaminating the exposed pulp

116
Q

vibration from a handpiece on an irritated tooth can cause a

A

mechanical pulpal response

117
Q

what dictates the dental liner/base to be used

A

depth of prep

118
Q

what is utility wax used for

A

extending the length and height of an impression tray

119
Q

bite registration wax is used to

A

take a bite impression

120
Q

inlay casting wax is to form patterns of

A

indirect restorations on model

121
Q

casting wax is used for

A

single tooth direct restorations

122
Q

when trimming models you should always

A

wear goggles/mask
soak in water for 5 minutes prior to trim
start trimming biggest arch and then match
use proper angles on art portion

123
Q

which impression model material uses the most water

A

plaster

124
Q

Anatomic portion

A

teeth of model

125
Q

art portion

A

base of model

126
Q

3 types of gypsum products

A

stone, high strength stone, plaster

127
Q

high strength stone is AKA

A

densite or improved dental stone

128
Q

3 types of Occlusal impressions

A

ZOE bite registration paste
wax bite
polysixoline bite registration paste

129
Q

Hydrophobic

A

impressions that dislike moisture

130
Q

syneresis

A

alginate impression looses moisture and shrinks

131
Q

imbibtion

A

alginate impression absorbs water and expands

132
Q

smearing

A

additional alginate in undercuts, occlusal, inter proximal, palate

133
Q

glazing

A

smoothing surface of alginate by wiping moist finger across surface

134
Q

2 types of alginate impression material

A

fast and normal set

135
Q

maxillary alginate has

A

more powder and water

136
Q

alginate is a

A

irreversible hydrocolloid

137
Q

alginate beading is the use of __ to extend tray

A

utility wax

138
Q

2 types of impression trays

A

stock and custom

139
Q

final impressions are taken to make

A

indirect restorations, dentures, implants

140
Q

preliminary impressions are used for

A

custom trays, diagnostics, provisional coverage

141
Q

Impressions are the ___

A

negative

142
Q

gypsum products are used to make the ___

A

positive

143
Q

3 types of curing

A

auto cured, light cured, dual cured

144
Q

Retention

A

the ability to hold two things firmly together when they don’t naturally adhere

145
Q

why are retention cuts used in amalgam

A

it docent naturally adhere, cuts add more stability

146
Q

wetting

A

ability of liquid to flow over a surface into irregularities

147
Q

viscosity

A

property of a liquid not able to flow easily

148
Q

surface characteristics

A

a liquid flows easier on a rough surface than smooth

149
Q

film thickness

A

thinner the film better the adhesion

150
Q

adhesion

A

how well a product sticks

151
Q

flow

A

how a product moves within a tooth when placed

152
Q

solubility

A

substance dissolving in another

153
Q

corrosive factors

A

temp, humidity, saline, foods

154
Q

4 application properties

A

adhesion, flow, retention, curing

155
Q

2 corrosive properties

A

solubility, corrosive factors

156
Q

galvanic action

A

electric shock

157
Q

what causes electrical shock

A

interaction of multiple metals in the mouth

158
Q

thermal change

A

rapid temp change causing contraction and expansion

159
Q

ductility

A

metal stretched by tensile force without fracture

160
Q

malleability

A

metal extended in all directions without fracture

161
Q

shear stress (grinding) is

A

two forces parallel sliding in opposite directions

162
Q

compressive stress (chewing) is

A

two forces pushing towards eachother

163
Q

tensile stress (tog of war) is

A

two forces pulling away from eachother

164
Q

mechanical forces are

A

biting forces and stress & strain

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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