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dental assisting mda > Prevention of disease transmission - Chapter 18-21 > Flashcards

Prevention of disease transmission - Chapter 18-21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology

A

the study of microorganisms

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2
Q

John Tyndall discovered that prolonged exposure to heat ___

A

destroys heat stable bacteria

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3
Q

Tyndallization is

A

intermittent heating/fractional sterilization - kills bacteria resistant to heat

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4
Q

Endospores are

A

heat stable forms of bacteria

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5
Q

Joseph lister discovered the role of ___ in post op infections

A

airborne microorganisms

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6
Q

To control airborne microorganisms Joseph developed

A

carbolic acid aerosols and carbolic acid dressings to use in surgery to reduce the amount of microorganisms in the air

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7
Q

Who developed pasteurization, rabies vaccine, and associated micro-organisms with disease

A

Louis pasteur

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8
Q

pathogens are

A

disease causing microorganisms

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9
Q

Nonpathogenics are ___ to humans and contribute to ___

A

beneficial, normal gut flora

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10
Q

Hepatitis A and E are transmitted how

A

fecal-oral trasmission - not chronic

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11
Q

Hepatitis B,C and D are transmitted through

A

blood and bodily fluids through percutaneous/mucosal membranes - CHRONIC

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12
Q

Hepa-Titis

A

Liver-Infection

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13
Q

What are the 5 major microorganisms groups

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, ad protozoa

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14
Q

Bacteria is single cell, temperature broad, and cause ___ infection

A

opportunistic

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15
Q

normal flora is

A

beneficial bacteria that protect the host by aiding metabolism and prevent entrance of harmful bacteria

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16
Q

when does bacterial infection occur

A

when bacteria from one part of the body invades another part

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17
Q

what are the 3 shapes of bacteria

A

coccus/sphere, bacillus/rod, spirochete/spiral

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18
Q

sphere shaped bacteria form

A

chains or clusters

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19
Q

spirochete bacteria is spiral shaped to

A

be capable of movement

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20
Q

Tuberculosis is rod shaped contagious bacteria that is

A

able to withstand disinfectants

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21
Q

a gram stain is

A

a 4 step process that separates bacteria into two groups

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22
Q

gram positive bacteria is

A

purple stained

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23
Q

gram negative bacteria is

A

unable to hold stain, transparent or pinkish

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24
Q

Aerobes

A

bacteria requiring oxygen to survive

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25
Q

anarobes

A

bacteria that thrives in absence of oxygen and is destroyed by oxygen

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26
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

can live with or without oxygen

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27
Q

what causes antibiotic and disinfectant resistance

A

capsules

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28
Q

a capsule is a

A

protective layer surrounding cell wall or bacteria

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29
Q

Virulent

A

capable of causing disease

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30
Q

The most resistant form of life is

A

spores

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31
Q

A spore is

A

bacteria that changes and becomes highly resistant during unfavourable conditions. Alive but inactive

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32
Q

Spores cannot reproduce or cause disease unless

A

conditions are favourable

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33
Q

What is sued to test the effectiveness of sterilization units and disinfectants

A

spores

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34
Q

what is used to verify effectiveness or sterilization on spores

A

an incubator

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35
Q

what is smaller and more fatal than bacteria

A

viruses

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36
Q

why are viruses more fatal

A

they are perfect parasite- invading host cell, replicating then destroying host cell and realizing viruses

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37
Q

viruses containing DNA and RNA strands that

A

change portents and allow for growth and multiplication

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38
Q

specifity is

A

certain viruses affect certain cells and only those cells

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39
Q

latency or dormancy is when

A

some cells establish a latent state in host cell and can be reactivated in the future

40
Q

algae isn’t typically ___

A

producing human diseases

41
Q

protozoa is a large group of one cell organisms that

A

don’t directly cause disease but cause damage to a host if living in one

42
Q

two types of fungi infections

A

candida, and oral candidiasis

43
Q

candida is found where

A

oral cavity, GI tract and female genitals

44
Q

prion is short for

A

proteinaceous infectious particle

45
Q

prions are made of only

A

portion, no Dna or rna

46
Q

what do prions cause

A

chronic diseases or the brain with long incubation periods

47
Q

chain of infection

A

infectious agent >reservoir>portal of exit>transmission>portal of entry>susceptible host

48
Q

how would you prevent transmission

A

by breaking the chain

49
Q

parenteral transmission is

A

through broken skin

50
Q

what is a fomite

A

a inatimate object that can spread disease

51
Q

what are the 4 types of infections

A

acute, chronic, latent and opportunistic

52
Q

the two types of environmental surfaces are

A

clinical contact surfaces and housekeeping surfaces

53
Q

clinical contact surfaces have 3 sub categories

A

touch, transfer, and spatter, splash droplet surfaces

54
Q

housekeeping surfaces are

A

floors, walls, sinks, anything not in direct contact with patient

55
Q

Clinical contact surfaces

A

anything with high risk of contamination

56
Q

Transfer surfaces

A

isn’t directly touched but touches contaminated instruments

57
Q

Splash, spatter and droplet surfaces

A

don’t have contact with DHCP or instruments - countertops

58
Q

how would you deal with and prevent surface contamination

A

surface barriers and precleaning/disinfecting

59
Q

when is flash sterilization used

A

for emergencies, except for implant devices

60
Q

Bioburden

A

blood, saliva, bodily fluids

61
Q

what is a disinfectant

A

chemical that destroys most pathogens (not spores) - used on inanimate objects

62
Q

What is an antiseptic

A

prevents or stops growth of microogranisms (used on living tissues)

63
Q

Sterilization is the

A

process in which all microbial life is destroyed

64
Q

3 levels on disinfectants

A

high, intermediate, low

65
Q

what type of disinfectant would you use on a semi critical item that cannot be heat sterilized

A

high level

66
Q

an ideal surface disinfectant would

A

kill TB, EPA registered, not damaging, low toxicity, rapidly kill board spectrum on bacteria and have residual active

67
Q

Residual activity is

A

action that continues after initial application

68
Q

3 levels of patient care items

A

critical, semi critical, non critical

69
Q

a critical item is one that

A

touches bone or penetrates soft tissue (high risk of transmission)

70
Q

a semi critical item is one that

A

touches non intact skin /mucous membrane

71
Q

noncritical items only touch

A

intact skin

72
Q

does an ultrasonic cleaner disinfect

A

no

73
Q

an external class 1 process indicator is placed where

A

on the outside/visible area of wrapped cassette/package

74
Q

what is each package/cassette labelled with

A

date, load number, initials in heat resistant sharpie

75
Q

what are the 5 sterilization techniques

A

steam, chemical, dry heat, ethylene oxide, liquid sterilants

76
Q

Steam sterilizers are at what temp, pressure and time

A

121C, 15 PSI, for 3-30 minutes

77
Q

chemical sterilizers are what temp, pressure and time

A

131C, 20PSI, for 20-40 minutes

78
Q

dry heat sterilizers have 2 category’s with what time periods

A

static air - 1-2 hours

forced air - 6-12 minutes

79
Q

Ethelyne oxide sterilizers are good for rubbers and plastic because

A

they use low temps but take 4-12 hours to process then 16 to air out before use

80
Q

why are liquid sterilants not reccomened

A

take 10 hours of immersion
expensive to change solution every load
toxic chemicals used

81
Q

Mechanical monitoring is to

A

measure and record time, temp and pressure

82
Q

chemical monitoring shows a

A

change in color when physical parameter is met

83
Q

biological monitoring uses a

A

biological spore to access sterilization process

84
Q

chemical indicators detect

A

sterilization failures due to improper loading, packaging or sterilizer malfunctions

85
Q

biological monitoring is to

A

determine if sterilization occurred

86
Q

how would you test a BI

A

run BI with cycle in middle rack of autoclave, then place in incubator with unsterilized control for 8-12 hours, check for growth

87
Q

if growth occurs in a BI how do you tell

A

the color of vile changes to indicate spores are live

88
Q

chem monitoring class I

A

heat only, process indicators

89
Q

process indicators are placed

A

external

90
Q

process intergraters are placed

A

internal

91
Q

Chem monitoring class II

A

bowie dick test, rapid eve steam penetration

92
Q

chem monitoring class III is for

A

single parameter (heat or pressure)

93
Q

chem monitoring class IV

A

multiperameter (heat and pressure, Steam and heat)

94
Q

Chem monitoring class V is used

A

inside pack when implantable devices are used, time temp and steam

95
Q

Chem monitoring class VI is for testing

A

specific sterilization processes

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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