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dental assisting mda > Prevention of disease transmission - Chapter 18-21 > Flashcards

Prevention of disease transmission - Chapter 18-21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology

A

the study of microorganisms

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2
Q

John Tyndall discovered that prolonged exposure to heat ___

A

destroys heat stable bacteria

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3
Q

Tyndallization is

A

intermittent heating/fractional sterilization - kills bacteria resistant to heat

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4
Q

Endospores are

A

heat stable forms of bacteria

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5
Q

Joseph lister discovered the role of ___ in post op infections

A

airborne microorganisms

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6
Q

To control airborne microorganisms Joseph developed

A

carbolic acid aerosols and carbolic acid dressings to use in surgery to reduce the amount of microorganisms in the air

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7
Q

Who developed pasteurization, rabies vaccine, and associated micro-organisms with disease

A

Louis pasteur

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8
Q

pathogens are

A

disease causing microorganisms

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9
Q

Nonpathogenics are ___ to humans and contribute to ___

A

beneficial, normal gut flora

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10
Q

Hepatitis A and E are transmitted how

A

fecal-oral trasmission - not chronic

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11
Q

Hepatitis B,C and D are transmitted through

A

blood and bodily fluids through percutaneous/mucosal membranes - CHRONIC

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12
Q

Hepa-Titis

A

Liver-Infection

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13
Q

What are the 5 major microorganisms groups

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, ad protozoa

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14
Q

Bacteria is single cell, temperature broad, and cause ___ infection

A

opportunistic

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15
Q

normal flora is

A

beneficial bacteria that protect the host by aiding metabolism and prevent entrance of harmful bacteria

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16
Q

when does bacterial infection occur

A

when bacteria from one part of the body invades another part

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17
Q

what are the 3 shapes of bacteria

A

coccus/sphere, bacillus/rod, spirochete/spiral

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18
Q

sphere shaped bacteria form

A

chains or clusters

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19
Q

spirochete bacteria is spiral shaped to

A

be capable of movement

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20
Q

Tuberculosis is rod shaped contagious bacteria that is

A

able to withstand disinfectants

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21
Q

a gram stain is

A

a 4 step process that separates bacteria into two groups

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22
Q

gram positive bacteria is

A

purple stained

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23
Q

gram negative bacteria is

A

unable to hold stain, transparent or pinkish

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24
Q

Aerobes

A

bacteria requiring oxygen to survive

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25
anarobes
bacteria that thrives in absence of oxygen and is destroyed by oxygen
26
facultative anaerobes
can live with or without oxygen
27
what causes antibiotic and disinfectant resistance
capsules
28
a capsule is a
protective layer surrounding cell wall or bacteria
29
Virulent
capable of causing disease
30
The most resistant form of life is
spores
31
A spore is
bacteria that changes and becomes highly resistant during unfavourable conditions. Alive but inactive
32
Spores cannot reproduce or cause disease unless
conditions are favourable
33
What is sued to test the effectiveness of sterilization units and disinfectants
spores
34
what is used to verify effectiveness or sterilization on spores
an incubator
35
what is smaller and more fatal than bacteria
viruses
36
why are viruses more fatal
they are perfect parasite- invading host cell, replicating then destroying host cell and realizing viruses
37
viruses containing DNA and RNA strands that
change portents and allow for growth and multiplication
38
specifity is
certain viruses affect certain cells and only those cells
39
latency or dormancy is when
some cells establish a latent state in host cell and can be reactivated in the future
40
algae isn't typically ___
producing human diseases
41
protozoa is a large group of one cell organisms that
don't directly cause disease but cause damage to a host if living in one
42
two types of fungi infections
candida, and oral candidiasis
43
candida is found where
oral cavity, GI tract and female genitals
44
prion is short for
proteinaceous infectious particle
45
prions are made of only
portion, no Dna or rna
46
what do prions cause
chronic diseases or the brain with long incubation periods
47
chain of infection
infectious agent >reservoir>portal of exit>transmission>portal of entry>susceptible host
48
how would you prevent transmission
by breaking the chain
49
parenteral transmission is
through broken skin
50
what is a fomite
a inatimate object that can spread disease
51
what are the 4 types of infections
acute, chronic, latent and opportunistic
52
the two types of environmental surfaces are
clinical contact surfaces and housekeeping surfaces
53
clinical contact surfaces have 3 sub categories
touch, transfer, and spatter, splash droplet surfaces
54
housekeeping surfaces are
floors, walls, sinks, anything not in direct contact with patient
55
Clinical contact surfaces
anything with high risk of contamination
56
Transfer surfaces
isn't directly touched but touches contaminated instruments
57
Splash, spatter and droplet surfaces
don't have contact with DHCP or instruments - countertops
58
how would you deal with and prevent surface contamination
surface barriers and precleaning/disinfecting
59
when is flash sterilization used
for emergencies, except for implant devices
60
Bioburden
blood, saliva, bodily fluids
61
what is a disinfectant
chemical that destroys most pathogens (not spores) - used on inanimate objects
62
What is an antiseptic
prevents or stops growth of microogranisms (used on living tissues)
63
Sterilization is the
process in which all microbial life is destroyed
64
3 levels on disinfectants
high, intermediate, low
65
what type of disinfectant would you use on a semi critical item that cannot be heat sterilized
high level
66
an ideal surface disinfectant would
kill TB, EPA registered, not damaging, low toxicity, rapidly kill board spectrum on bacteria and have residual active
67
Residual activity is
action that continues after initial application
68
3 levels of patient care items
critical, semi critical, non critical
69
a critical item is one that
touches bone or penetrates soft tissue (high risk of transmission)
70
a semi critical item is one that
touches non intact skin /mucous membrane
71
noncritical items only touch
intact skin
72
does an ultrasonic cleaner disinfect
no
73
an external class 1 process indicator is placed where
on the outside/visible area of wrapped cassette/package
74
what is each package/cassette labelled with
date, load number, initials in heat resistant sharpie
75
what are the 5 sterilization techniques
steam, chemical, dry heat, ethylene oxide, liquid sterilants
76
Steam sterilizers are at what temp, pressure and time
121C, 15 PSI, for 3-30 minutes
77
chemical sterilizers are what temp, pressure and time
131C, 20PSI, for 20-40 minutes
78
dry heat sterilizers have 2 category's with what time periods
static air - 1-2 hours | forced air - 6-12 minutes
79
Ethelyne oxide sterilizers are good for rubbers and plastic because
they use low temps but take 4-12 hours to process then 16 to air out before use
80
why are liquid sterilants not reccomened
take 10 hours of immersion expensive to change solution every load toxic chemicals used
81
Mechanical monitoring is to
measure and record time, temp and pressure
82
chemical monitoring shows a
change in color when physical parameter is met
83
biological monitoring uses a
biological spore to access sterilization process
84
chemical indicators detect
sterilization failures due to improper loading, packaging or sterilizer malfunctions
85
biological monitoring is to
determine if sterilization occurred
86
how would you test a BI
run BI with cycle in middle rack of autoclave, then place in incubator with unsterilized control for 8-12 hours, check for growth
87
if growth occurs in a BI how do you tell
the color of vile changes to indicate spores are live
88
chem monitoring class I
heat only, process indicators
89
process indicators are placed
external
90
process intergraters are placed
internal
91
Chem monitoring class II
bowie dick test, rapid eve steam penetration
92
chem monitoring class III is for
single parameter (heat or pressure)
93
chem monitoring class IV
multiperameter (heat and pressure, Steam and heat)
94
Chem monitoring class V is used
inside pack when implantable devices are used, time temp and steam
95
Chem monitoring class VI is for testing
specific sterilization processes

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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