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dental assisting mda > Dental Radiology - Paralleling and Bisecting (2) > Flashcards

Dental Radiology - Paralleling and Bisecting (2) Flashcards

1
Q

the bisecting technique requires film to be placed

A

against the lingua surface of the tooth and 1/8 inch above incisal/occlusal edge

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2
Q

what is the rule of isometry

A

two triangles are equal if they have 2 equal angles and share a common side

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3
Q

the long axis of the tooth is the

A

line going straight through the tooth

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4
Q

the imaginary bisector is the line that

A

bisects the triangle, between film and long axis of the tooth

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5
Q

what forms the angle contacting the tooth

A

imaginary bisector, long axis of tooth and point of receptor

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6
Q

how is the central beam directed when using bisecting technique

A

its directed so its perpendicular with the imaginary bisector

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7
Q

what size receptor is used for all periodicals in bisecting

A

size 2

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8
Q

phalangioma

A

image of a finger is present in radiograph

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9
Q

is the finger holding method recommended

A

no, risk of unnecessary radiation exposure (alara)

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10
Q

what alignment devices can be used when bisecting

A

rinn bite block, disposable bite block, snap a ray

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11
Q

what are the two types of PID angulations

A

horizontal (side to side) and Vertical (up and down)

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12
Q

is horizontal angulation different depending on technique used?

A

no

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13
Q

how is the central ray directed for horizontal angulation

A

through the inter proximal contact areas

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14
Q

the tube head facing receptor head on is for ___ angulation

A

horizontal

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15
Q

what happens if HA is not correctly positioned

A

overlapping, blurred enamel, pulp cavity isn’t clear

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16
Q

vertical angulation is the positioning of

A

PID in a vertical (up and down) angles

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17
Q

when paralleling, vertical angulation puts the central ray perpendicular to the

A

receptor and long axis

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18
Q

when bisecting, vertical angulation puts the central ray perpendicular to the

A

imaginary bisector

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19
Q

VA of maxilla positions PID above the occlusal and central ray is directed ___

A

downward toward mandible

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20
Q

maxilla VA is a ___ angle

A

positive

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21
Q

Mandibular VA is a ___ angle

A

negative

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22
Q

VA of the mandible positions the PID below the occlusal and the central ray is directed ___

A

upward to chin

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23
Q

maxillary canine PA’s would be taken at a angle of

A

+45 - +55

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24
Q

mandibular canine PAs would be taken at an angle of

A

-20 > -30

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25
Q

a PA taken at a +40-50 angle would be of which tooth

A

maxillary incisors

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26
Q

-15 > -25 angle would be for a

A

mandibular incisor

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27
Q

maxillary molars PA are taken at a ___ angle

A

+20 - +30 angle

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28
Q

+30 - +40 angle would be for a

A

maxillary premolar PA

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29
Q

0 > -5 angle is for __ molars

A

mandibular

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30
Q

what is a foreshortened image

A

a radiograph taken at to high of an angle, causing teeth to look short

31
Q

what is a elongated image

A

a radiograph taken at a low (flat) angle causing teeth to look longer

32
Q

angulations only apply to which type of film

A

Periapical bisecting

33
Q

vertical angulation is

A

central ray perpendicular to the imaginary bisector creating a right angle

34
Q

horizontal angulation is

A

central ray directed in between contact areas

35
Q

what is the exposure sequence of bisecting

A

anteriors then posteriors

36
Q

posterior exposure sequence of bisecting

A

maxillary right and mandibular right first, (start with premolars then move to molars) repeat on left side

37
Q

which technique is preferred if possible

A

paralleling

38
Q

bitewing using bisecting technique is completed by

A

placing receptor parallel to upper and lower teeth, stabilized by Pt bite. PID is placed with a +8-10 angulation

39
Q

why is there an +8 -10 angulation on a bisecting bitewing

A

due to the curve of spee

40
Q

is it possible to get all open contacts on one bitewing film

A

no

41
Q

how many total BWs are needed for a mouth

A

4, 2 on each side

42
Q

the receptor is placed ___ for a bitewing

A

horizontally

43
Q

Molar view BW shows

A

all molars, and the distal of 2nd premolar

44
Q

Premolar view BW shows

A

premolars, and the distal of first molar and canine

45
Q

what size receptor would you use on a child BW with primary dentition

A

0

46
Q

size 1 receptors are used for BW on

A

children with mixed dentition

47
Q

what size receptor is used on all adult BW

A

size 2

48
Q

what is a full mouth series

A

14-20 images showing all tooth bearing areas

49
Q

what would a FMS on a edentulous patient consist of

A

PA’s only

50
Q

BW and PA’s make up a

A

full mouth series

51
Q

Paralleling technique is used to

A

expose accurate and reliable PA and BW image receptor

52
Q

parallel means

A

seperated by same distance and never intercept

53
Q

perpendicular is

A

intersecting to form or at a right angle

54
Q

long axis of tooth

A

to divide a tooth in equal halves

55
Q

central ray is the

A

central portion of primary beam

56
Q

bisect

A

to divide into two equal parts

57
Q

how is a paralleling receptor placed

A

parallel to long axis and receptor, central beam perpendicular to contact areas

58
Q

what differs paralleling from bisecting

A

the use of beam alignment devices

59
Q

for anterior exposure, if you use a size 1 film how many placements are needed

A

7-8, 4 max - 3 or 4 mand

60
Q

for anterior exposure with size two films how many placements needed

A

6, 3 max and 3 mand

61
Q

what is the recommended anterior sequence for both paralleling and bisecting

A

start at 1.3 (max right) and go to 3.3 (max left), then move down to 3.3(mand left) over to end at 4.3 (mand right)

62
Q

posterior exposure sequence for paralleling is

A

start at quad 1 (max right) premolars, then molars. Move down to quad 3 (mand left) premolars > molars, Reassemble RINN, move to quad 2 (max left) premolars>molars, down to finish in quad 4 (mand right) premolars then molars.

63
Q

the posterior exposure sequence in paralleling mimics the shape of an

A

X

64
Q

size 1 film for paralleling is used for anteriors and is placed

A

vertically

65
Q

Size 2 film is placed horizontally for paralleling and is used for

A

posteriors

66
Q

What is a blue RINN device used for

A

anterior PAs

67
Q

what is a yellow RINN device used for

A

posterior PA’s

68
Q

Red RINN devices are only used for

A

bitewings

69
Q

Yellow RINN’s for max right (Q1) and Mand left (Q3) are shaped with the

A

elbow on the right and pins on the left

70
Q

Yellow RINN’s for max left (Q2) and mand right (Q4) are shaped with the

A

elbow on the left and pins on the right

71
Q

can the tongue be in-between receptor and teeth for paralleling

A

yes

72
Q

what are the 2 most likely spaces in the mouth to trigger gag reflux

A

the soft palate and posterior third of tongue

73
Q

the white side of film is always facing towards the

A

tubehead

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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