Dental Radiology - Paralleling and Bisecting (2)

Question 1

the bisecting technique requires film to be placed

Answer 1

against the lingua surface of the tooth and 1/8 inch above incisal/occlusal edge

Question 2

what is the rule of isometry

Answer 2

two triangles are equal if they have 2 equal angles and share a common side

Question 3

the long axis of the tooth is the

Answer 3

line going straight through the tooth

Question 4

the imaginary bisector is the line that

Answer 4

bisects the triangle, between film and long axis of the tooth

Question 5

what forms the angle contacting the tooth

Answer 5

imaginary bisector, long axis of tooth and point of receptor

Question 6

how is the central beam directed when using bisecting technique

Answer 6

its directed so its perpendicular with the imaginary bisector

Question 7

what size receptor is used for all periodicals in bisecting

Answer 7

size 2

Question 8

phalangioma

Answer 8

image of a finger is present in radiograph

Question 9

is the finger holding method recommended

Answer 9

no, risk of unnecessary radiation exposure (alara)

Question 10

what alignment devices can be used when bisecting

Answer 10

rinn bite block, disposable bite block, snap a ray

Question 11

what are the two types of PID angulations

Answer 11

horizontal (side to side) and Vertical (up and down)

Question 12

is horizontal angulation different depending on technique used?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

how is the central ray directed for horizontal angulation

Answer 13

through the inter proximal contact areas

Question 14

the tube head facing receptor head on is for ___ angulation

Answer 14

horizontal

Question 15

what happens if HA is not correctly positioned

Answer 15

overlapping, blurred enamel, pulp cavity isn’t clear

Question 16

vertical angulation is the positioning of

Answer 16

PID in a vertical (up and down) angles

Question 17

when paralleling, vertical angulation puts the central ray perpendicular to the

Answer 17

receptor and long axis

Question 18

when bisecting, vertical angulation puts the central ray perpendicular to the

Answer 18

imaginary bisector

Question 19

VA of maxilla positions PID above the occlusal and central ray is directed ___

Answer 19

downward toward mandible

Question 20

maxilla VA is a ___ angle

Answer 20

positive

Question 21

Mandibular VA is a ___ angle

Answer 21

negative

Question 22

VA of the mandible positions the PID below the occlusal and the central ray is directed ___

Answer 22

upward to chin

Question 23

maxillary canine PA’s would be taken at a angle of

Answer 23

+45 - +55

Question 24

mandibular canine PAs would be taken at an angle of

Answer 24

-20 > -30

Question 25

a PA taken at a +40-50 angle would be of which tooth

Answer 25

maxillary incisors

Question 26

-15 > -25 angle would be for a

Answer 26

mandibular incisor

Question 27

maxillary molars PA are taken at a ___ angle

Answer 27

+20 - +30 angle

Question 28

+30 - +40 angle would be for a

Answer 28

maxillary premolar PA

Question 29

0 > -5 angle is for __ molars

Answer 29

mandibular

Question 30

what is a foreshortened image

Answer 30

a radiograph taken at to high of an angle, causing teeth to look short

Question 31

what is a elongated image

Answer 31

a radiograph taken at a low (flat) angle causing teeth to look longer

Question 32

angulations only apply to which type of film

Answer 32

Periapical bisecting

Question 33

vertical angulation is

Answer 33

central ray perpendicular to the imaginary bisector creating a right angle

Question 34

horizontal angulation is

Answer 34

central ray directed in between contact areas

Question 35

what is the exposure sequence of bisecting

Answer 35

anteriors then posteriors

Question 36

posterior exposure sequence of bisecting

Answer 36

maxillary right and mandibular right first, (start with premolars then move to molars) repeat on left side

Question 37

which technique is preferred if possible

Answer 37

paralleling

Question 38

bitewing using bisecting technique is completed by

Answer 38

placing receptor parallel to upper and lower teeth, stabilized by Pt bite. PID is placed with a +8-10 angulation

Question 39

why is there an +8 -10 angulation on a bisecting bitewing

Answer 39

due to the curve of spee

Question 40

is it possible to get all open contacts on one bitewing film

Answer 40

no

Question 41

how many total BWs are needed for a mouth

Answer 41

4, 2 on each side

Question 42

the receptor is placed ___ for a bitewing

Answer 42

horizontally

Question 43

Molar view BW shows

Answer 43

all molars, and the distal of 2nd premolar

Question 44

Premolar view BW shows

Answer 44

premolars, and the distal of first molar and canine

Question 45

what size receptor would you use on a child BW with primary dentition

Answer 45

0

Question 46

size 1 receptors are used for BW on

Answer 46

children with mixed dentition

Question 47

what size receptor is used on all adult BW

Answer 47

size 2

Question 48

what is a full mouth series

Answer 48

14-20 images showing all tooth bearing areas

Question 49

what would a FMS on a edentulous patient consist of

Answer 49

PA's only

Question 50

BW and PA's make up a

Answer 50

full mouth series

Question 51

Paralleling technique is used to

Answer 51

expose accurate and reliable PA and BW image receptor

Question 52

parallel means

Answer 52

seperated by same distance and never intercept

Question 53

perpendicular is

Answer 53

intersecting to form or at a right angle

Question 54

long axis of tooth

Answer 54

to divide a tooth in equal halves

Question 55

central ray is the

Answer 55

central portion of primary beam

Question 56

bisect

Answer 56

to divide into two equal parts

Question 57

how is a paralleling receptor placed

Answer 57

parallel to long axis and receptor, central beam perpendicular to contact areas

Question 58

what differs paralleling from bisecting

Answer 58

the use of beam alignment devices

Question 59

for anterior exposure, if you use a size 1 film how many placements are needed

Answer 59

7-8, 4 max - 3 or 4 mand

Question 60

for anterior exposure with size two films how many placements needed

Answer 60

6, 3 max and 3 mand

Question 61

what is the recommended anterior sequence for both paralleling and bisecting

Answer 61

start at 1.3 (max right) and go to 3.3 (max left), then move down to 3.3(mand left) over to end at 4.3 (mand right)

Question 62

posterior exposure sequence for paralleling is

Answer 62

start at quad 1 (max right) premolars, then molars. Move down to quad 3 (mand left) premolars > molars, Reassemble RINN, move to quad 2 (max left) premolars>molars, down to finish in quad 4 (mand right) premolars then molars.

Question 63

the posterior exposure sequence in paralleling mimics the shape of an

Answer 63

X

Question 64

size 1 film for paralleling is used for anteriors and is placed

Answer 64

vertically

Question 65

Size 2 film is placed horizontally for paralleling and is used for

Answer 65

posteriors

Question 66

What is a blue RINN device used for

Answer 66

anterior PAs

Question 67

what is a yellow RINN device used for

Answer 67

posterior PA's

Question 68

Red RINN devices are only used for

Answer 68

bitewings

Question 69

Yellow RINN's for max right (Q1) and Mand left (Q3) are shaped with the

Answer 69

elbow on the right and pins on the left

Question 70

Yellow RINN's for max left (Q2) and mand right (Q4) are shaped with the

Answer 70

elbow on the left and pins on the right

Question 71

can the tongue be in-between receptor and teeth for paralleling

Answer 71

yes

Question 72

what are the 2 most likely spaces in the mouth to trigger gag reflux

Answer 72

the soft palate and posterior third of tongue

Question 73

the white side of film is always facing towards the

Answer 73

tubehead