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Allie's Flashcardlet > science test on processes > Flashcards

science test on processes Flashcards

0
Q

Process that unzips, copies to make RNA and then goes to the ribosome

A

Transcription

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1
Q

Cellular respiration has three cycles….

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

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2
Q

Takes mRNA and makes proteins, mRNA goes to the ER to be _________, and tRNA brings over the amino acids, it goes codon by codon

A

Translated

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3
Q

What brings over amino acids during translation?

A

tRNA

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4
Q

MRNA goes to ____ to be translated

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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5
Q

Transcription uses _____ to unzip

A

DNA Helicase

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6
Q

Translation uses _____ to copy

A

RNA Polymerase

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7
Q

What are the steps of mitosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis

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8
Q

The cell has completed replication as well as replication of centrioles and mitochondria and synthesis of extra membrane. It has divided, grown, and duplicated so two daughter cells can form from one cell at the end of this phase. It is a time of great synthetic activity. During this phase it obtains nutrients, and utilizes them to manufacture new living material. The cell duplicates membranes, ribosomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. It also replicates the genetic material. This is important so the two daughter cells can have a complete set of genetic instructions. Is considered in phases, DNA replication occurs in S (synthesis), which is split into growth periods, G1 and G2 when other structures are duplicated

A

Interphase

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9
Q

Chromosomes condense and become visible. The centrioles replicate of the centrosome replicate just before mitosis. During this phase, the two newly formed centrioles pairs move to opposite ends of the cell. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse. Microtubules are assembled from tubulins proteins in the cytoplasm and associate with the centrioles and chromosomes. Spindle apparatus forms

A

Prophase

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10
Q

Chromosomes align along equator as a result of microtubule activity. Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome so that a fiber from one pair of centrioles contacts one centromere and a fiber from the other pair of centrioles attaches to the other centromere

A

Metaphase

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11
Q

Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell. As the chromatids separate, they become individual chromosomes. The separated chromosomes now move in opposite directions, once again guided by microtubule activity. The spindle fibers shorten and pull their attached chromosomes toward the centrioles at opposite ends of the cell

A

Anaphase

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12
Q

In this stage the chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles. It is like the reverse of prophase. As chromosomes approach the centrioles they elongate and unwind. Nuclear envelopes begin to resemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Division of the cytoplasm into two cells.

A

Telophase and Cytokinesis

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13
Q

Blank is the master plan and blank is the blueprint of the master plan

A

DNA; RNA

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14
Q

Blank has a sugar ribose, contains Uracil, and is single stranded

A

RNA

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15
Q

Blank has sugar deoxyribose, contains thymine, and is double stranded

A

DNA

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16
Q

What are the three types of RNA

A

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

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17
Q

Copies DNA codes and carries genetic info to ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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18
Q

Along with proteins it makes of ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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19
Q

Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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20
Q

Contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases

A

DNA

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21
Q

Genes are code for ______

A

polypeptides (proteins)

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22
Q

______are used to build cells and do much of the work inside cells

A

Proteins

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23
Q

There are ____ amino acids

A

20

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24
Q

_______ is the third level of proteins

A

Tertiary

25
Q

Amino acid chains are also called _____

A

Polypeptides

26
Q

Proteins are made in the _____ of cells by the organelle ______

A

Cytoplasm; ribosome

27
Q

In what process is DNA copied and taken to the cytosol, n the cytoplasm it is read so amino acids can assemble to make proteins

A

Protein synthesis

28
Q

What is the first step of protein synthesis

A

Transcription

29
Q

What is the second step of protein synthesis

A

Translation

30
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

Nucleus

31
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

Nitrogen bases are read ___ bases at a time

A

Three

33
Q

The bases on the mRNA strand are called

A

Codons

34
Q

The bases on tRNA are called

A

Anti-codons

35
Q

What is the start codon in translation

A

AUG – methionine

36
Q

What are the stop codons of translation

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

37
Q 
During translation,
C=?
G=?
A=?
T=?
A

G, C, U, A

38
Q

How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA

A

Four; thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine

39
Q

What goes into the Krebs cycle and what comes out

A

In: glucose -> pyruvic acid -> Acetyl CoA.
Out: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2

40
Q

One glucose molecule can be turned into

A

Two pyruvic acid molecules

41
Q

Pyruvic acid can form

A

Two acetyl CoA

42
Q

The _______ makes ___ ATP. _____ makes ___ ATP. Therefore a single glucose molecule makes ___ ATP.

A

Electron Transport Chain; 34; Glycolysis; 2; 36

43
Q

The breaking down of Lucas that occurs in the cytosol because it does not require oxygen

A

Glycolysis

44
Q

The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy from the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high energy electronics to a series of enzymes that store much of the remaining energy in more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function of oxygen as the final electron acceptor is why ____ is an aerobic process

A

ETC

45
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6 H12 O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP

46
Q

Long straight chain of nucleotides, made in the nucleus, copies DNA and leaves through nuclear pores, contains A, G, C ,U (not T),

A

mRNA

47
Q

Another name for Kreb’s cycle is

A

Citric Acid Cycle

48
Q

DNA is found where

A

Nucleus

49
Q

Amino acids are linked together by

A

Peptide bonds

50
Q

Maybe free-floating in the cytosol or attached to the surface of the rough ER

A

Ribosome

51
Q

DNAs code must be copied and taken to the _____

A

Cytosol

52
Q

In the cytoplasm, the DNA must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make _____

A

Polypeptides or Proteins

53
Q

The process of amino acids making proteins are polypeptides is called what

A

Protein synthesis

54
Q

Carries the information for a specific protein and is made up of 500 to 1000 nucleotides long

A

Messenger RNA

55
Q

Making RNA from DNA

A

Transcription

56
Q

Assembling amino acids according to the sequence of an mRNA strand

A

Translation

57
Q

Protein synthesis involves what organelles

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

58
Q

Cellular respiration involves what organelles

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

Mitosis involves what organelles

A

Centrioles and nucleus

Allie's Flashcardlet (68 decks)

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