history chpt. 1 study guide Flashcards
Anthropologist think the first people to build a civilization in America were the …. Whose culture emerged between 1500 and 1200
Olmec
A highly organized society marked by trade govt the arts science often written language
Civilization
Around A.D. 200, the …. Culture emerged in the Yucatán Peninsula and expanded into …. And southern ….
Mayan; Central America; Mexico
Between AD 850 and 1100, the ……. Living in the Chaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico began constructing large multi-story buildings of …… And cut stone
Anasazi; Adobe
Mississippian city of …. covered 5 mi.² is home to an estimated 16,000 people
Cahokia
Major crops of the Native Americans were
Corn, beans, squash
The exchange of ideas through trade
Cultural Diffusion
Aztec’s capital
Tenochtitian
….. Is a shallow lake in Tenochtitlán
Lake Texcoco
Palettes made for piling the soil from the bottom of the lake for growing food
Chinampas
Skilled in a creative craft
Artisan
Pueblo good spirit
Kachina
What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
Seneca, Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida
SW natives lived in …..
Adobe houses
Pacific NW lived in ….
Wood houses
People of the plains-Middle West lived in ……
Tepees
Aleut and Inuit people lived in …….
Igloo
SE Natives lived in
Wigwams
Northern Natives lived in …….
Long houses
Anasazi moved to Mezoverde when ……. Collapsed
Pueblopinito
From North to South they trade ……
From South to North they trade ……
Salt; gold
People of Ghana
Soninke
People of Mali
Malinke
People of Songhai
Sorko
What was the purpose of the Crusades
Free the holy land from Islam
What does “Renaissance” mean and what influence did it have on Europe from AD 1350-1600
“Rebirth”, rediscovered the works of Greek and Roman ideas; intellectual revolution
In AD 1001, …… And 35 Vikings, were the first Labrador
Leif Ericson
One of the most important discoveries for Europeans in the Americas was the …….
Potatoes
Europeans introduced Native Americans to several new foods including ……..
Oats, barley, rye, rice, bananas, onions, wheat, and animals such as chickens, cattle, and pigs
European imports that are beneficial to Native Americans were all set with the dreadful effects of an invisible one—
Bacteria that causes chickenpox, flu, measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus
Columbus landed on blank in the Bahamas
San Salvador
was the first permanent European colony in the New World
Santa Domingo
….. founded a colony that became the first Spanish settlement called ….. in North America
Ponce de Leon; St. Augustine
Military conquest protection
Feudalism
Agriculture; farming
Manorialism
To determine how old objects are scientists rely on….
Radiocarbon dating
Thousand years ago and much of the earth’s water froze into huge ice sheets or …
glaciers
An area of dry land name Beringia, after Vitus Bering, connected ….. with a part of North America that is now …..
Asia; Alaska
…… are people who continually move from place to place
Nomads
The first crops grown in America included ……
pumpkins, peppers, squash, gourds, and beans
……. was important because it would be ground into flour to make bread and could be dried in stored for long periods of time
Maize
They ……. were among the first Native Americans to use gold and copper for art and jewelry. ….. was their main city
Toltec; Tula
When the Europeans around in the 1500s and estimated 5 million people are living under ……… rule
Aztec
The Hohokam used the ….. and ….. Rivers as the water supply
Gila and Salt
The most important early mount building culture was the ….. culture
Adena
The culture of most Native Americans developed in response to what
Their environments
Upon what did the peoples living in Southwest depend to survive
Corn
Which peoples lived in the land bordering the Pacific from southeastern Alaskan to Washington state
Salish people, Chinook, Tlingit, Haida, Kwakuitls, Nootkas
For what did the peoples of the Pacific coast use lumber
Build homes, fashion Canoes, create elaborate art masks and totem poles
Who brought horses to North America
Spanish
How did the Sioux Warriors gain their greatest glory
The of Counting Coup which is to charge into a group of the enemy and touch them with a stick
What devices did the Inuit and Aleut invent to make their lives easier
Harpoon, kayak, dogsled, boots with spikes, goggles to prevent snow blindness
Who are the first Native Americans to encounter English settlers
new England and Virginia
What words from the Algonquian language are used today
Succotash, hominy, Moccasins, papoose
What is slash and burn agriculture and why was it used
Cut down forest and burn the clear land create nitrogen rich ashes that will make the soil fertile
How did the Iroquois’s set out there living arrangements
They live in longhouses with kinship groups headed by the elder women
Who was Hiawatha
He was the chief of mohawk and one of the founders of the Iroquois
Where did almost all the people in the Southeast live
Towns
The ……………… Grew by trading into precious commodities ……
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai; gold and salt
West Africa is an immense bulge of territory bordered on the north at the ……….. And on the west and south by the ………..
Mediterranean Sea; Atlantic Ocean
Ideas as well as goods traveled along the African trade routes among the most significant was the religious ideas
Islam
In the 1200s the rulers of Europe shifted from ….. and …… coins to ….. coins
Copper and silver; gold
The African peoples who lived on the southern edge of the Sahara had access to both the …… from the south and the …… and other goods coming from the north
Gold; salt
The ….. control of trade and built West Africa’s ……
Soninke; first empire
The Empire of ….. reached it’s peak in the 1300s under the leadership of …….. and his brother …….
Mali; Mansa Musa; Mansa Suluyman
The ruler of Songhai ……, used a powerful army of Calvary backed by a ……. to seize Timbuktu in 1468
Sonni Ali; fleet of war canoes
Ife Artist produced some of the most impressive art and west Africa including
Carved wood and Ivory, terra-cotta sculptures and cast metal
Many central African societies were ………..; that is they traced their lineage or decent for their mothers instead of their fathers
Matrilineal
After the arrival of Islam, Arab traders began to trade ….. and other goods in exchange for ……..
horses, cotton; enslaved Africans
In order to increase their …… production the Akan people acquired enslaved africans for Mali traders for use in clearing the land and mining
gold
The introduction of ……….. forming encouraged Europeans to use enslaved workers and to enter into slave trade
sugarcane
How did the feudal system work
Aching would give estates to Nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military support
Why did a manor have to produce nearly everything its residents needed
Warfare and bandits made trade difficult
Where did serfs live and under what conditions
In the manor in a tiny one room house with dirt floors, a hole in the roof and a few pieces of crude furniture
What inventions improve the economy of Western Europe around AD 1000
Better plow and horse collars
What action barred people from participating in church rites
Excommunication
What were popular trade items between Italian and Arab merchants in A.D. 1200
Silk, spices, and other goods
What was one of the largest empires in world history
Mongol
When was the beginning of sea exploration for trade purposes
1300s to 1500s
Who benefited from the creation of a common currency as well as from increased trade in the 1400s and 1500s
Merchants, kings and queens of Europe, Arab traders
Who were the leaders and sea exploration by the mid 1400s
Portugal Spain England and France
What instruments and improvements to ships made sea travel easier
Astrolabe, compass, Lateen cells, ship cable for long-distance traveling
Why were caravels used for exploration
They were flatter, smaller, had multiple masts, had a rear rudder.
Who were the three main Portuguese explorers in the 1400s and where did they travel
Henry the navigator – Sagres, Bartolomeu Diaz – south tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope, Vasco da Gama – India
The Vikings attempt to found colonies in the Newfoundland region failed because they did not have better ……… than those of the opposing Native Americans
weapons
And 1150 for an Arab geographer named ……… published a geographical survey of as much of the world as was known then
Ptolemy
Ptolemies geography was in accurate because it made the earth seem much …….. than it was
smaller
Columbus mistakenly concluded that …….. was the coast of China and that ……… was Japan
Cuba; Hispaniola
The Treaty of tortoise I did two things explain
Confirmed Portugal’s rights to control the route around Africa to India. Confirmed Spain’s claims to the new lands of America
The accomplishment of the Vasco de Balboa was…
He founded a colony on the Isthmus of Panama, cross the Panama and was the first European to reach the Pacific coast of America
Name 5 ways the caravel was better than other ships
The Caravel had new lateen sails that allowed them to sail farther. It also had rear rudders so that they could steer easier. The caravel could hold up to 130 tons. The caravel contained multiple masts and a bilge pump. Also, it wash flatter and smaller to it was able to go and shallow water which made it easier to stop and fix the boat. Lastly, it had ballistones to keep it even in the water.
The Anasazi the cliff dwellings at
Mesaverde
Named the Pacific ocean
Magellan
De Gama landed on the coast of India at
Goa
A new culture known as the …..,, culture rose to prominence in the Ohio River Valley between 200 and 100 BC
Hopewell
The Asians came to the Americas between 15 and 30,000 years ago our crossing the blank
Landbridge
First crops raised was …… and I also grew …………
Corn, squash, beans
The growth of agriculture allowed complex societies called civilizations to emerge including the blank and blank of Central America and the blank and Peru
Toltec Olmec Aztec and Maya; Inca
The major ancient cultures in North America where the blank in the Southwest in the blank in the southeast
Anasazi and Mississippians
Tribes of the Southwest included …..
Hope, Zunee
Tribes of the Pacific coast included …..
Haida
Tribes of the Great Plains included,
Sioux, Shosonee
Tribes of the Northeast included …..
Cenaca
Tribes of the the north west included,
Mohawk
Tribes of the far north included,
Aleut and Inuit
Tribes of the southeast included,
Cherokee and Cree
How did the slave trade from this early trading
Slaves were normally kept wars but as the need for gold increased they began selling slaves for Gold
During this time period Europeans were living under the political system called
Feudalism
This system broke down because of: ……, new farming methods such as, ……., ……., ……. And increase in …. Because of surplus
Crusades; better plow, horse collar, three-field system; trade
Intellectual revolution
Renaissance
Founded a school for ship pilots
Henry Navigator
Portuguese mapped Africa’s west coast down to …… Which was reached and renamed by …… To …..
Cape of Storms; Diaz; Cape of Good Hope
When ….. Landed on the coast of India a basis of trade with the Far East was formed
De agama
