history: chpt. 11 test Flashcards
Aristocratic privileges
Relics of feudalism
One of the three classes into which French society was divided before the revolution: the clergy (first ____), the nobles (second ____), and the townspeople (third ____)
Estate
Middle class
Bourgeoisie
Called the meeting of the Estates-General to raise new taxes
Louis XVI
Where the meeting of the Estates-General opened on May 5, 1789
Versailles
Deputies swore they would continue to meet until they had produced a French Constitution
Tennis Court Oath
Where Bastille, an armory and prison is located
Paris
On August 26, the National Assembly adopted the _____
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
A woman who wrote plays and pamphlets, refused to accept the exclusion of women from political rights; she penned a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
Olympe de Gouges
Rulers of ____ and ____ threatened to use force to restore Louis XVI to full power
Austria and Prussia
Ordinary patriots with out fine clothes
Sans-culottes
Explain why the Catholic Church was targeted for reform.
It was seen as an important pillar of the old order
List the reasons for the near collapse of government finances in France
Social conditions, bad harvests, slow manufacturing, food shortages, rising prices, unemployment
Social commoners
Third Estate
Merchants, bankers, industrialists, professionals
Bourgeoisie
French parliament under Louis XVI
Estates-General
“Without breeches,” members of the Paris Commune
San-culottes
The Second Estate did all of the following EXCEPT
A. Own from 25 to 39 percent of the land
B. Hold high positions in government and the military
C. Not pay taxes
D. Side with peasants
D. Side with peasants
The Paris Bastille was
An armory and prison
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT
A. An end to tax exemptions
B. Freedom of speech
C. Equal rights for women
D. Freedom of the press
C. Equal rights for women
The National Assembly’s Constitution of 1791, _____
Set up a limited monarchy
The Paris Commune demonstrated, then seized power for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A. Defeats in war with Austria
B. Economic shortages
C. Loyalty to Prussia
D. Anger with the monarchy
C. Loyalty to Prussia
Minister of Justice for the Paris Commune
Georges Danton
Individuals qualified to vote
Electors
Sudden overthrow of government
Coup d’ètat
Dissenting groups
Factions
Upper legislative house under the Constitution of 1795
Council of Elders
The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute
Enemies of the republic
The two dissenting groups within the National Convention were the
Girondins and the Mountain
During its rule, the government of the Directory was opposed by
Royalists and radicals
The Directory was eventually toppled by
Napoleon Bonaparte
The Committee of Public Safety was originally set up to
Defend France against foreign armies
Published a radical journal called “Friend of the People”
Jean-Paul Marat
A large network of political groups throughout France
Jacobin
A special committee of 12 that had been given broad powers by the National Convention
Committee of Public Safety
Eventually dominated the Committee of Public Safety
Maximilien Robespierre
Revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute internal enemies of the revolutionary republic. Close to 40,000 people were killed during this time
Reign of Terror
A city where 1,880 citizens were executed.
Lyon
The city where victims were executed by being sunk in barges in the Loire River
Nantes
Located in France, across the Rhine River; the republic’s army conquered it
Austrian Netherlands
Explain the similarities and differences between the Girondins and the Mountain
Girondins represented provinces; feared radical mobs; and wanted Louis XVI alive
The Mountain represented interests of radical; and wanted Louis XVI dead
They both were members of the Jacobin club
List the members of the informal coalition that took up arms against France. What was the result of this conflict?
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic. French armies fell back and France was invaded.
Dominated French and European history from 1799 to 1815
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon’s birthplace
Corsica
Napoleon’s government after 1799
Consulate
Napoleon’s unified law system
Civil Code
Laws a prominent writer; liked Napoleon at first but them called him a tyrant
Anne-Louise-Germaine de Staël
Unique cultural identity of a people
Nationalism
They city the Russians burned this city and when Napoleon’s grand army arrived with no supplies they abandoned it
Moscow
The island Napoleon was first exiled to
Elba
Where Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington
Waterloo
Head over the British and Prussian army
Duke of Wellington
Explain how nationalism contributed to Napolean’s defeat.
The spirit of the French nationalism had made possible mass armies of the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. Napoleon brought nationalism with his new principles
List the powers Napoleon exercised as the first Consul
Controlled the government, army, foreign affairs, appointed members of the bureaucracy, and influenced legislature
Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to
Stop British trade with Europe
Napoleon’s military force was called the
Grand Army
Promotion within Napoleon’s government and military was based on
Ability
Napoleon’s agreement with the Catholic Church did all of the following EXCEPT
A. Recognize Catholicism as the majority religion of France
B. Return church lands to the pope and clergy
C. Make those who had purchased church land his supporters
D. Restore some stability to France
B. Return church lands to the pope and clergy
Napoleon’s Civil Code treated women
As less than equal to men
