science: chpt. 17 test Flashcards
A discipline of biology primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships
Taxonomy
The grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria
Classification
Gives species a scientific name that has two parts
Binomial Nomenclature
A named group of organisms
Taxon
A group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor; (plural-genera)
Genus
Consisting of similar, related genera
Family
Contains related families
Order
Contains related orders
Class
_____ contains related classes; (plural-phyla) _____ means the same but is used for classification of bacteria and plants
Phylum; division
Related phyla or divisions
Kingdom
The broadest of all the taxa; contained one or more kingdoms
Domain
The evolutionary history of a species
Phylogeny
Inherited features that vary among species
Characters
A model used to compare DNA sequences from two different species to estimate how long the species have been evolving since they diverged from a common ancestor
Molecular clock
The method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor
Cladistics
A branching diagram that represents the proposed phylogeny of a species or group
Cladogram
Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan-containing cell walls
Eubacteria
Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
Unicellular, multicellular, or colonial eukaryote who cell walls may contain cellulose; can be plantlike animal-like, or funguslike
Protist
Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls that contain chitin
Fungus
