science cells and organelles test Flashcards
Prokaryotes contain what type of cells
Bacteria cells
Name the two types of cells
Prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells
Eukaryote cells contain what types of cells
Animal and plant cells
A single celled organism that does not have a true nucleus
Prokaryote cell
……… don’t have a nucleus (genetic material not stored in a nucleus)
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes have some ………, But not many
Organelles
Prokaryotes are ………… than eukaryotes
Less complicated
All ……… are prokaryotes
Bacteria
A more complex cell with a nucleus and many organelles
Eukaryote cell
…… all have a nucleus where the …… of the cell the stored
Eukaryotes; genetic material
Eukaryotes have many organelles that work together to …………
Make the cell function
……… Cells are more complex than ……… cells
Eukaryotic; prokaryotic
Eukaryotes can be just one cell or can make up more complex …………
Multicellular organisms
All……, ……, ……, and …… are eukaryotic cells
Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Only allow certain things to pass through the membrane
Selectively permeable
Cells have three functions. Name them.
Make energy, make proteins, make more cells
Cells make energy for …….. and to ……… waste produced while making energy
Activities; clean up
……… do all the work in the cell so we need a lot of them
Proteins
Cells make more cells for ……. and to replace ……………..
Growth; damaged or diseased cells
Why do you cells need power to …….. and for ……..
Make energy; organelles that do this work
To make energy cells must fuel daily …. and …….
Life and growth
To fuel daily life and growth, the cell must …….., ……… , and ……….
Take in food and digest it, take in oxygen and make ATP, and remove waste
The organelles that do this work include …….., ……., …….., ………, and ………
Cell membrane, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, and mitochondria
What bacteria causes strep throat
Streptococcus
What are the oldest life forms on earth
Archaebacteria
What type of bacteria causes food poisoning
Salmonella
What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces
Pills
Name two foods that bacteria help make
Cheese and yogurt
What does decompose mean
Break down
What is the control center of the bacteria cell
DNA
What part of the bacteria helps it move
Flagella
Where do archaebacteria live
Extreme environments
To what kingdom do common bacteria belong
Eubacteria
Describe the structure of a plasma/cell membrane
Has a Double layer of fat (phospholipid by layer) and receptor molecules (proteins that receives signals)
Describe the function of a plasma/cell membrane
Separate so from outside, controls what enters and leaves the cell, recognizes signals from other cells
Describe the function of the nucleus
Control center of cell and protects DNA
Describe the structure of the nucleus
It contains nuclear membranes, nucleolus (ribosome factory), and chromosomes (DNA)
Describe the function of centrioles
Helps coordinate cell division
Describe the structure of the centriole
There is one pair in each cell it is shaped like a straw
Describe the function of ribosomes
It is a protein factory and reads instructions to build proteins from DNA
Describe the structure of a ribosome
Some are free in the cytoplasm and some are attached to the ER
Describe the function of a Golgi apparatus
It finishes, sports, labels, and ships proteins into vesicles. It is like the UPS headquarters of the cell.
Describe the structure of a Golgi apparatus
It contains membrane sacs that look like a stack of pancakes
Describe the function of an endoplasmic reticulum
Works on proteins (complete proteins) and makes membranes
Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER – ribosomes attached and works on proteins
Smooth ER – makes membranes
Describe the function of the mitochondria
Makes ATP energy from cellular respiration
Describe the structure of the mitochondria
It has a double membrane
Describe the function of lysosomes
They digest food, clean up and recycle (digest broken organelles)
Describe the structure of a lysosome
It has membrane sacs of digestive enzymes
Describe the function of a vacuole
It moves the material around the cell and serves as storage
Describe the structure of a vacuole
It is made up of membrane sacs that are filled with digestive enzymes and digested nutrients
Plasma/cell membranes, nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles are found in
Animal and plant cells
Centrioles are only found in
Animal cells
Cell walls and chloroplasts are only found in
Plant cells
Jellylike material holding organelles in place
Cytoplasm
Digest food and is the garbage disposal and recycling
Lysosome
Make ATP energy from sugar and O2
Mitochondria
Builds proteins
Ribosomes
