science integumentary system test

Question 0

What are the layers of skin (top layer to bottom layer)

Answer 0

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosm, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

(C)ome (L)et’s (G)et (S)un-(B)urned

Question 1

What are the functions of skin

Answer 1

Protection (cushions, insulates, waterproof; protects from chemicals, heat, cold, bacteria; screens UV Rays)
Synthesizes Vitamin D w/ UV rays 
Regulates body heat
Prevents unnecessary water loss
Sensory reception

Question 2

Area of rapidly dividing cells; most melanocytes found here, single row of cuboidally shaped cells;

Answer 2

Stratum Basale

Question 3

Langerhans cells abundant here; keratinocytes are spiny flattened

Answer 3

Stratum spinosum

Question 4

Stratum begins where keratinization begins; keratohyalin present

Answer 4

Stratum granulosm

Question 5

Clear translucent layer; found only on the palms and soles

Answer 5

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

Cells are plasma membranes filled with keratin; 20-40 layers thick of dead cells

Answer 6

Stratum corneum

Question 7

What are the cells involved in skin

Answer 7

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells, Langerhans Cells

Question 8

Deepest, produce keratin (tough fibrous proteins)

Answer 8

keratinocytes

Question 9

Produce melanin

Answer 9

Melanocytes

Question 10

Associated with sensory nerve endings

Answer 10

Merkel cells

Question 11

Macrophage-like dendritic cells

Answer 11

Langerhans cells

Question 12

The layer that anchors the skin to underlying organs and is composed of loose areolar and adipose tissue

Answer 12

Subcutaneous layer

Question 13

Pigment that gives you your skin color; most important one

Answer 13

Melanin

Question 14

What is the structure of hair

Answer 14

Root (embedded in skin) and shaft (protecting skins surface); made up of hard-keratin; hair follicle contains the hair root

Question 15

What is the structure of nails

Answer 15

Made of hard keratin; protective coverings on the ends of fingers and toes; consists of a nail plates that overlies a service of skin called the nail bed; growth from nail matrix

Question 16

Expanded deep end of hair

Answer 16

Hair bulb

Question 17

Nipple like region of dermis containing capillaries

Answer 17

Papillae

Question 18

Part of hair below the skin surface

Answer 18

Root

Question 19

Part of hair above skin surface

Answer 19

Shaft

Question 20

The epidermal layer surrounding the hair that extends down into the dermis or even the hypodermis

Answer 20

Hair follicle

Question 21

Bundles of smooth muscle cells that calls hair to stand (chill bumps)

Answer 21

Arrector Pili

Question 22

This chemical is a polymer of the amino acid tyrosine; made by melanocytes and transferred into keratinocytes; most important in skin color

Answer 22

Melanin

Question 23

Name three pigments responsible for skin color

Answer 23

Melanin, hemoglobin, carotenes

Question 24

Name two general kinds of sweat glands

Answer 24

Eccrine and apocrine

Question 25

Most common type of sweat gland; duct reaches the surface; thermoregulation function; most abundant on palms, souls, and forehead

Answer 25

Eccrine gland

Question 26

How does the body regulate temperature?

Answer 26

Regulation of body temperature is important because the slightest change can disrupt metabolic reactions. When body temperature rises, nerve impulses tell the skin and other organs to release heat. Sweating allows the body to cool by releasing heat from the skin’s surface. When the body temperature drops, the brain triggers different responses such as blood vessels contracting and shivering. These actions generate body heat.

Question 27

How does the body heal wounds?

Answer 27

If the wound is shallow, epithelial cells divide more rapidly, and newly formed cells fill the gap. If the wound extends into the dermis or subcutaneous layer, blood vessels break and escaping blood forms clots in the wound. The clot forms a scab. Fibroblasts migrate to the scab to bind the wound together. Then phagocytic cells remove dead cells, replace damaged tissues, and the scab falls off. If the wound is extensive it may form a scar.

Question 28

What are the types of burns

Answer 28

1st°, 2nd°, third-degree

Question 29

A burn down to the subcutaneous layer

Answer 29

Third-degree burn

Question 30

A burn down to the dermis layer

Answer 30

Second-degree burn

Question 31

A burned down to the epidermis layer

Answer 31

1st° burn

Question 32

If you have a scar, they burn was close to a ___ degree burn

Answer 32

Second-degree burn

Question 33

Absorbs ultraviolet radiation, prevents mutations in the DNA of skin cells another damaging effects, a dark pigment that provides skin color

Answer 33

Melanin

Question 34

A tough, fibrous, waterproof protein

Answer 34

Keratin

Question 35

Contains groups a specialized epithelial cells and are usually associated with hair follicles; also called holocrine glands; secrete and oily mixture of fatty material and cellular debris called sebum into hair follicles

Answer 35

Sebaceous glands

Question 36

Duct does not come to the surface; gland ruptures to release contents; sebaceous glands are of this kind; responsible for pimples; all over the body except palms and soles; lubricates hair and skin, also bactericidal

Answer 36

Holocrine glands a.k.a. sebaceous glands

Question 37

Outermost covering

Answer 37

Epidermis

Question 38

Black, brown, or yellow tint

Answer 38

Melanin

Question 39

Adipose layer

Answer 39

Subcutaneous layer

Question 40

Non living protein

Answer 40

Keratin

Question 41

True layer of skin

Answer 41

Dermis

Question 42

Tube that holds the hair root

Answer 42

Hair follicle

Question 43

Outer cuticle layer of the hair shaft

Answer 43

Cortex

Question 44

Lubricates skin make it soft and pliable

Answer 44

Sebum

Question 45

Contains capillaries that nourish the hair follicle

Answer 45

Papilla