history: chpt. 8 test Flashcards
Appointed officials who collected taxes, maintained law and order, and were directly responsible to the sultans court in Constantinople
Pashas
Elite guard of the Ottoman Turks
Janissaries
Empires United by outside conquerors
Gunpowder empires
The supreme authority in both a political and military sense
Sultan
Chief official of a sultan
Grand vizier
Ottoman religious, legal, and educational advisers
The Ulema
Residence of a sultan and his wives
Harem
Leader of the Ottomans
Mehmet the second
Took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia
Sultan Selim the first
Greatest Ottoman architect; built 81 mosques
Sinan
In the late 13th century, a new group of Turks under their leader Osman began to build power in the northwest corner of _____. It had been given to the Seljuk Turk rulers as a reward for helping the rulers defend their lands against the Mongols.
Anatolian Peninsula
The Ottomans expanded westward and eventually controlled _____ and _____. These two straits separated by the Sea of Marmara . Connect the Black Sea and Aegean Sea.
Bosporus; Dardanelles
Separates Bosporus and Dardanelles
Sea of Marmara
In Arabia, near the Red Sea; one of the holy cities of Islam
Makkah
Evaluate how the problems in the Ottoman Empire may have began during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent.
Süleyman killed his two most table signs on the station of trees and, so he was succeeded by his only son left who wasn’t as able as the other two sons.
Identify the four main occupational groups of the Ottoman Empire.
- Peasants – farmed land
- Artisans – organized by craft Guild
- Merchants – most privileged group
- Pastoral peoples – nomadic herders
The Ottoman Turks conquered all of the following except…
A. Constantinople
B. the Balkins
C. Spain
D. North Africa
C. Spain
The Ottoman Empire preferred to…
Administer their lands through local rulers and pashas
The Ottoman Empire after the death of sailor man was hurt by all the following except…
A. lack of training
B. Rise of a privilege group
C. Cost of constant force
D. The sack of Constantinople
D. The sack of Constantinople
Ottoman Turks mosques were designed with…
Domes and minarets
Ottoman art included…
Distinctive woven rugs
Persian King
Shah
Conformity to a traditional religious belief
Orthodoxy
Political disorder
Anarchy
Founded by Shah Ismail
Safavids
Founder of the Safavids, descendant of Safi al-Din
Shah Ismail
Ruled from 1588 to 1629. Safavids reached the high point of their glory under their rule
Shah Abbas
The most famous artist of the Persian painting period; created exquisite works on simple subjects, such as oxen plowing, hunters, and lovers.
Riza-i-Abbasi
In the early 14th century, Safi Al-Din had been the leader of a community of Turkish ethnic groups in _____, near the ______
Azerbaijan; Caspian Sea
The capital of the Safavids was moved from the northwestern city of _____ to the more centrally located city of _____
Tabriz; Isfahan
Describe how the Safavids tried to bring the various Turkish and Persian people together.
They tried to consolidate the rule over Persia and the areas to the west and use this Shiite faith as a unifying force
Summarize how the increased pressures of religious orthodoxy influence women’s lives in the late Safavid dynasty.
Persian women who had considerable freedom during the early Empire were now forced to seclusion and required to adopt the wearing of a veil.
Islamic group to which the Safavids belonged
Shiite
Type of carpets highly priced in the west
Persian
The Shiites believed that the shah was…
A direct successor of Muhammad
Safavid shahs did all of the following except…
A. Follow Roman laws
B. Be more available to their subjects
C. Seize landed estates
D. Appoint officials based on merit
A. Follow Roman laws
Trade goods in the Safavid Empire were carried on a road system that was…
Fairly safe and enhanced with rest stops
Paintings by Razi-i-Abbasi,were characterized by all the following except…
A. Simple subjects
B. Soft colors
C. Flowing movements
D. Religious themes
D. Religious themes
Isfahan, Shah Abbas’s capital featured…
A central polo ground
Local officials who kept a portion of taxes paid by the peasants in lieu of a salary
Zamindar
Cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre
Suttee
Founder of the Monguls whose father descended from Timur Lenk and mother descended from Genghis Khan
Babur
Barbur’s grandson; 14 when he came to office. Probably the greatest of the conquering Monguls monarchs, but is best known for his humane character of his rule. He died in 1605
Akbar
The ultimate successor; reigned from 1628 to 1658; his troubles worsened with his illness in the mid-1650s. Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan’s son, put his father in prison and crowned himself king.
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan’s son; had his brother put to death, inpisoned his father and crowned him self King. He also forbade both the Hindu customs of suttee.
Aurangzeb
In 1517, Babur led his forces across the _____ to India.
Khyber Pass
With 12,000 troops against an enemy force nearly 10 times that size, Baber captured _____ and established his power in the plains of north India.
Delhi
During Shah Jahan’s reign from 1628 to 1658, he expanded the boundaries of the Empire through successful campaigns in the _____ and against the city of Samarkand, north of the Hindu Kush.
Deccan Plateau
Fort William is now the city of _____
Calcutta
_____ is now the city of Madras
Chennai
_____ was built in Arga by Shah Jahan, for his wife your dad and 39, giving birth to her 14th child
Taj Mahal
Where the Taj Mahal was built
Agra
Describe the impact of the Mongols on the Hindu and Muslim peoples of the Indian subcontinent. How did the reign of Aurangzeb weaken Mongul rule in India?
The Monguls brought a new era of unity to the region of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb’s policies lead to Hindu outcries, a number of revolts against imperial authority broke out, and threats to the emperors power. This left an increasingly divided India vulnerable to attack.
Summarize the problems Shah Jahan faced during his rule. How did the rule of Shah Jahan’s end?
He failed to deal with growing domestic problems, he inherited a nearly empty treasury, and his military campaigns put a heavy strain on the Imperial finances. His reign ended when his son inprisoned him and had himself crowned emperor.
Founder of the Mogul dynasty in India
Babur
Private group representing the British crown
The East India Company
Underground prison used in 1756
Black Hole of Calcutta
Memorial to an Indian emperor’s wife
Taj Mahal
Combined Persian-Indian motifs style of painting
“Akbar style”
The Moguls in India were foreigners who were also _____.
Muslims
By the late eighteenth century, Mogul prosperity was shaken by _____.
The coming of the British
Local, lower-ranking officials called zamindars did all of the following except…
A. Receive farm plots
B. Keep part of the taxes they collected
C. Exercise considerable power
D. Command small armies
D. Command small armies
Babur’s forces entered India through the…
Khyber Pass
The British successes in India were achieved through the military genius of…
Sir Robert Clive
