science: chpt. 6 test Flashcards
Substance releases H+ in water
Acid
Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller molecules
Macromolecule
Measures the concentration of H+ in a solution
pH
Left —> Right
Reactants —> Products
A ________ uses van der Waals forces to climb
Gecko
Same element with a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
Proton
p+
p=proton
+=because it’s positive
Electron
e-
e=electron
-=because it’s negative
Neutron
n insert degree sign
n=neutron
degree sign=because it has no charge
DO NOT WRITE: zero charge
It’s neutral charge or no charge
A weak interaction of hydrogen, fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom
Hydrogen bond
Molecules with an unequal distribution of charge
Polar molecules
Pure substances made of one kind of atom
Elements
Formed by the sharing of electrons
Covalent bond
How do enzymes influence a reaction?
Reduce activation energy
A hydrogen bond forms between a hydrogen molecule and _________ of another molecule
Oxygen molecule
When paper burns in a fire, what are some reactants?
Paper, oxygen
Give examples of solutions.
Tea, kool-aid, saltwater
Give examples of colloids.
Milk, paint, blood, sour cream
What happens to pH and H+ concentration when an acid is in water?
pH goes down, H+ concentration goes up
How many bonds can carbon form?
4
If an atom has 18 protons, how many electrons does it have?
18
How many atoms are in: CO2, C6H12O6
CO2-3
C6H12O6-24
How many valence electrons are in: Group 17, Group 16, Group 1, Group 2
G 17 (seven) G 16 (six) G 1 (one) G 2 (two)
*Only applies to Groups 1, 2, 13-18
What elements are in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What macromolecule contains you genetic information?
DNA
Essay: How do catalysts speed up the rate of reaction?
A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Catalysts do not increase how much product is made and doesn’t get used up in the reaction. Special proteins called enzymes are biological catalysts. Enzymes are essential to life. Most enzymes are specific to one reactions the reactants that bind to the enzyme are called substrates. The specific location where a substance binds on an enzyme is called the active site. The active site and substrates have complementary shapes that enables them to interact in a precise manner. Once the substrates bind to the active site, it changes shape and forms an enzyme-substrate complex. Factors such as pH, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.
