history: chpt. 7 test Flashcards
French grant of rights to Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
Combative
Militant
Fleet of warships
Armada
named Elizabeth governor of church and state
Act of Supremacy
anti-Huguenot party
ultra-Catholics
When Henry of Navarre became Henry the 4th, he…
Converted to Catholicism
During the late Middle Ages, Spain did all of the following except…
A. Reconquer Muslim areas
B. Expel the Jews
C. Protect Catholicism
D. Invade England
D. Invade England
One of the richest parts of Philip the 2nd’s empire was…
The Spanish Netherlands
Elizabeth Tudor tried to…
Avoid war with Spain
The French Kings of the 16th century managed to…
Do little to stop the spread of Protestantism
Rising prices
Inflation
Magic in traditional European village culture
Witchcraft
William and Mary’s 1688 “invasion” of England
Glorious Revolution
Parliamentary forces in the 1642 civil war
Roundheads
English Calvinist Protestant group
Puritans
James the 1st of England strongly believed in…
The divine right of kings
The Civil War in England was a conflict between…
The king and parliament
The Rump Parliament did all of the following except…
A. Behead Charles the 1st
B. Restore Catholicism
C. Abolish the monarchy
D. Declare England a republic or Commonwealth
B. Restore Catholicism
William and Mary were offered the throne of England, in 1689 to…
Prevent succession by a Catholic Monarch
The bill of rights did all of the following except…
A. Abolish parliament
B. Recognize parliaments right to make laws
C. Prevent monarchs from raising armies
D. Recognize the right to a jury trials
A. Abolish Parliament
Idea that rulers whole total power
Absolutism
Louis the 14th’s court location
Versailles
Russian word for Caesar
czar
Members of the Prussian landed aristocracy
The junkers
Members of Russian nobility
The Boyars
Peter the Great wanted to…
Westernize, or Europeanize, Russia
The Romanov Dynasty in Russia was…
Chosen by the national assembly
The Hapsburg empire did all of the following except…
A. Take control of Hungary, Croatia, and Slavonia
B. Lose their Holy Roman Empire in Germany
C. Remain a collection of territories
D. Established a centralized, absolutist state
D. Establish a centralized, absolutist state
The Commissariat established by Frederick William in Prussia became…
The overseer of army and an agency of civil government
The royal court at Versailles was not used by Louis the 14th as…
A. As his personal household
B. As the first university
C. As the center for state offices
D. To have powerful subjects visit to seek favors
B. As the first university
When did the French wars of religion begin?
1562
When did Spain defeat the Turks in the battle of Lepanto?
1571
When did England defeat the Spanish Armada
1588
When did the Edict of Nantes recognize rights of Huguenots in Catholic France?
1598
In many European nations Protestants and Catholics fought for _________ and ________________.
Political and religious control
During the 16th and 17th centuries, many European rulers extended their _____ and their _______.
Power; borders
When did Elizabeth the first die?
1603
When did the Civil War in England begin?
1642
When was Charles the first executed?
1649
When did the Glorious Revolution start?
1688
The 30 years war ended the unity of the __________________.
Holy Roman Empire
Democratic ideals were strengthened as a result of the _______ and __________________.
English and Glorious Revolution
When did the Romanov Dynasty begin in Russia?
1613
In what year did Louis the 14th come came to throne of France?
1643; he was four years old
When did Louis the 14th die?
1715
When did Peter the Great die?
1725
Louis the 14th was an _______________ whose extravagant lifestyle and military campaigns weakened ______.
Absolute monarch; France
_________________________ emerged as great European powers and the 17th and 18th century.
Prussia, Austria, and Russia
In what year did the Baroque movement begin in Italy?
1575
And what year did the Golden age of English theater begin?
1580
When was the Globe Theatre built?
1599
When did Cervantes complete Don Quixote?
1615
When did Hobbs publish Leviathan?
1651
The artistic movements of _________ and the _______ began in Italy and both reflected the spiritual perceptions of the time.
Mannerism; Baroque
___________ and ____________ were prolific writer’s of dramas and comedies that reflected the human condition.
Shakespeare and Lope de Vega
By 1560, blank and blank had become highly militant.
Calvinism and Catholicism
French Protestants influenced by John Calvin. They made up about 7% of total French population.
Huguenots
The political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the Bourbon dynasty, succeeded to the throne as Henry the fourth.
Henry of Navarre
One of the lands that Philip the second inherited from his father
The Netherlands
Leader of the Dutch, the prince of Orange
William the silent
Ascended the throne in 1558; during her reign, the small island kingdom became the leader of the protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundations for a world Empire
Elizabeth Tudor
The Spanish fleet, battered by a number of encounters with the English, Sailed to Spain by northward route around blank and blank, where it was pounded by storms. Many of the Spanish ships sank
Scotland and Ireland
The 30 years war began in 1618 in the lands of the blank.
Holy Roman Empire
Protestant Nobles in blank rebelled against Hapsburg authority
Bohemia
Elizabeth’s cousin, the king of Scotland, who became blank of England
James the first
Kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
Divine right of kings
Protestants in England inspired by Calvinist ideas
Puritans
James the first’s son; believed in the divine right of kings; tried to impose more ritual on the Church of England; tried to force the Puritans to except his religious policies
Charles the first
Royalists
Cavaliers
A military genius; purged Parliament of any members that didn’t supported him
Oliver Cromwell
A republic
Commonwealth
Cromwell ruled until his death in blank
1658
Charles the first brother; was an open and devout Catholic causing conflict between the king and Parliament
James the second
Louis the 13th’s chief Minister; helps him run the government of France since he was so young when he came to the throne
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis the 14th chief minister who helped him run the government of France when he was a young boy called to the throne
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis came to power in blank when Mazarin died in what year?
1661
Louis the 14th waged for wars between blank and blank
1667 and 1713
The sun King (Louis) he died at age __. He left France with great blank and surrounded by blank
76; debt; enemies
After the 30 years war there were no Germans state, but over 300 “Germanies”. Of the states two— _______ and _______ —emerged in the 17th and 18th century as great European powers.
Prussia and Austria
Laid the foundation for the Prussian state; built a large and efficient standing army; set up the General War Commissariat
Frederick William the great elector
In blank, Frederick William’s son Frederick officially gained the title of king
1701
After the defeat of the Turks in blank Austria took control of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia , and Slavonia
1687
The first ruler to take the title of czar
Ivan the fourth
________________ was chosen by the National Assembly as the new czar in ____
Michael Romanov; 1613
Ivins dynasty came to an end in ____
1598
Ivan the fourth was known as…
Ivan the Terrible because of his ruthless deeds among them stabbing his own son to death in a heated argument
The Romanov Dynasty lasted until ____
1917
_______________ became Cesar in 1689
Peter the Great
On a marshland on the Baltic in ____, Peter begin the construction of a new city, ______________.
1703; St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg was finished during Peters lifetime and remained the Russian capital until ____
1918
The artistic Renaissance came to an end when a movement called _________ emerged in the 1520s & 1530s.
Mannerism
“the Greek”; from the island of Crete; mannerism reached its high point in his work
El Greco
Mannerism was eventually replaced by new movement, ___________
The Baroque
The Catholic reform movement most wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque style. This can be seen in buildings at Catholic courts, especially those of the Hapsburgs in
_________________________________
Madrid, Prague, Vienna, and Brussels
The greatest figure of the Baroque period was the Italian architect and sculptor, ___________________.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Gian Lorenzo Bernini completed blank in Rome
St. Peter’s Basilica
Blank was born in Rome and studied painting with her father. In 1616 she moved to Florence and began a successful career as a painter. At the age of 23 she became the first woman to be elected into the Florentine Academy of design
Artemisia Gentileschi
In both England and Spain writing for the theater reach new heights between blank and blank
1580 and 1640
The most famous dramatist; viewed as a universal genius; the master of English language. Whether in his tragedies or his comedies he showed a remarkable understanding of human condition
Shakespeare
When did Shakespeare appear in London?
1592
Beginning in the ____, the standard for playwrights was set by ____________.
1580s; Lope de Vega
Wrote DonQuixote which was one of the crowning achievements of the Golden age of Spanish literature.
Miguel de Cervantes
The English revolutions of the 17th century prompted very different responses from two English political thinkers, blank and blank
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
Thomas Hobbes wrote…
Leviathan
John Locke wrote ______________________ in ____
Two Treatises of Government; 1690
What was the chief cause of the Religious Wars?
Calvinists and Catholics struggle for the minds and hearts of Europeans
What years did the French Wars of Religion take place? What was at the center of these wars?
1562–1598; religion
In ____, Henry of Navarre succeeded to the throne as Henry the fourth
1589
Henry the fourth was crowned king in ____.
1594
When was the Edict of Nantes issued?
1598
It recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but it also gave the Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges, such as holding public offices
Edict of Nantes
The greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the 16th century was…
King Philip the 2nd
King Philip the second’s reign extended from…
1556 to 1598
What was Philip the second’s first major goal?
Consolidate the lands he had inherited from his father
Philip the 2nd was also known as…
“The Most Catholic King”
The 17th century has been called…
The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic
From blank to blank, Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis.
1560 to 1650
What were the two factors of inflation, or rising prices?
The great influx of gold and silver from the Americas and a growing population increased the demand for land and food
The financial center of Europe in the Renaissance
Italy
By the 1600s, blank had spread to many parts of Europe.
Calvinism
The blank stated that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, could determine their own religion. This brought him into the Holy Roman Empire as a political entity.
The Peace of Westphalia
More than a year later after Cromwells death the Parliament restored the ________ in the person of ________________, the son of Charles the first
Monarchy; Charles the second
Charles dismissed Parliament in ____
1681
The blank helped create a system of government based on rule of law and a freely elected parliament.
The Bill of Rights
The ___________________ granted Puritans but not Catholics , the right of free public worship.
The toleration act of 1689
The reign of blank has long been regarded as the best example of the practice of absolutism in the 17th century.
Louis the 14th
Louis had complete authority over the traditional areas of royal power: _____________, _________, ___________
Foreign-policy, the church, and taxes
The core of the new Austrian empire was the traditional Austrian lands in present-day ________, ___________________, and __________
Austria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary
Baroque art reflected the _______________.
search for power
Kings and princes wanted other kings and princes as well as their blank to be in awe of their blank
Subjects; power
Bernini’s throne of St. Peter is a highly decorated cover for the pope’s ______________________.
Medieval wooden throne
Thomas Hobbe’s political work
Leviathan
Novel by Cervantes
Don Quixote
Author of Two Treatises of Government
John Locke
Spanish playwright
de Vega
English playwright
Shakespeare
Thomas Hobbes claimed that any ungoverned society made human life…
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
John Locke argued that before society was organized…
Humans had natural rights
Locks arguments were used in the 18th century to…
Support demands for constitutional government
Hobbs arguments were used to…
Justify absolute power
William Shakespeare was all of the following except…
A. French by birth
B. An actor
C. A master of the English language
D. A shareholder in a theater company
A. French by birth
What to new art movements emerged in the 1500s?
Mannerism and Baroque
What were the main political thoughts of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes?
Thomas Hobbes – one absolute ruler for all the people
John Locke – against the absolute ruler and every person had natural rights
Rights which we are born with
Natural rights
The artistic movement that emerged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530s; it marked the end of the Renaissance by breaking down the principles of balance, harmony, and moderation
Mannerism
And artistic style of the 17th century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation and contrasting elements
Baroque
Describe what DonQuixote reveals about the nature of Spanish character
He reveals dual Spanish nature. Don Quixote is a visionary and Sancho Panza is a realist
Summarize the mutual obligations between people and government as understood by lock
Government would protect the rights of people and people would act reasonably toward government. But if a government broke the contract, the people might form a new government
Describe the western customs, practices, and manners that Peter the great introduced to Russia
He ordered the preparation of the first Russian book of etiquette to teach western manners. Because Wessners did not have beards or long skirted coats, Russians had to shave their beards and shorten coats, upper-class women had to remove their veils and move out into society
The ______________ recognized catholicism as the official religion of France but allowed the Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges such as holding public offices
Edict of Nantes
List the ways Elizabeth demonstrated moderation and her religious policies
She feared that war would be disastrous for England so she tried to keep Spain and France from becoming too powerful by supporting the weaker nation
Explain why Oliver Cromwell first purged Parliament and then declared a military dictatorship.
Cromwell purged Parliament of any members who have not supported him. He found it difficult to work with Parliament. After he destroyed both king and Parliament he set up a military dictatorship
List the countries involved in the 30 years war
All of the European powers except England
What problems traveled Europe from 1560 to 1650
Inflation because of gold and silver influx and growing population
Cervantes was a…
Visionary
