schaffers stages of attachment

Question 1

what is the asocial stage

Answer 1

observable behaviour towards humans and inanimate objects is similar
show signs that they prefer to be with other people
tend to show preference for comapny of familiar people and more easily comforted by them
baby forming bonds with certain people and these form basis of later attachment

Question 2

what is indiscriminate attachment

Answer 2

2-7mth babies display more obvious and observable social behaviours
show clear preference for being with other humans rather than inanimate objects
recognise and prefer cmpany of familiar people
babies usually accept cuddles and comfort from any person
dont show separation anxiety when caregivers leave their presence or stranger anxiety in presence of unfamiliar people

Question 3

what is specific attachment

Answer 3

7mth display classic signs of attachment to particular person
anxiety directed towards strangers and when separated from their attachment figures
formed specific attachment
primary attachment figure
not necessarily individual child spends most time with but one who offers most interaction and respond to babys signals with most skill
babys mother in 65% cases

Question 4

what is multiple attachments

Answer 4

attachment behaviour extends to multiple attachment with other people who they spend time with
secondary attachments
29% children formed secondary attachments within month of forming rimary attachment
1yr-majority babies developed multiple attachments

Question 5

what is schaffer and emersons research

Answer 5

based their stage theory on observational study of formation of early infant adult attachments
60babies 31boys 29girls all glasgow and from skilled workin class families, visited babies mother in their homes every month for first year and again at 18mths, researcher asked mother questions about kind of protest their babies showd in 7day separations, assessed stranger anxiety
four istinct stages in development of infant attachment behaviour

Question 6

what is good external validity (eval)

Answer 6

good external validity
most observations made by parents during ordinary activities and reported to researchers
alternative- researchers present record observations, might have distracted baby or make feel more anxious
highly likely pps behaved naturally while being observed

issues with asking mothers to be observers
unlikely to be objective observers
biased in ters of what they noticed and what they reported
might not have noticed when their baby showed signs anxiety or misremembered it
even if babies beaved naturally their behaviour may not have been accurately recorded

Question 7

what is poor evidence for the asocial stage (eval)

Answer 7

validity of measures used to assess attachment
young babies poor coordination and immobile
less than 2mths felt anxiety they might have displayed it subtly hard to observe
difficult for mothers to observe and report back to researchers on signs of anxiety and attachment in age group
babies may be social but because of flawed methods they appear to be asocial

Question 8

what is real world application (eval)

Answer 8

practical application in day care
asocial and indiscriminate attachment stages day care likely to be straightforward
babies can be comforted by any skilled adult
starting day care with unfamiliar adult may be problematic during specific attachment stage
parents use of day care can be planned using stages