humanistic psychology Flashcards
what is free will
human s self determing and have free will
still affected by external and internal influences but active agents who can determine their own development
reject scientific models attempt to establish general principles
active agents= unique
study subjective experiences rather than general laws
person centred approach
what is maslows hierarchy of needs
in order to achieve primary goal-self actualisation
physiological needs, safety and security, love and belongingness, self esteem
only progress through hierachy a=once current need has been met
what is self actualisation
innate desire to achieve full potential
represents uppermost of maslows hierarchy of needs
regard personal growth as essential part of what it is to be human-concerned with develping and changing as person to become fulfilled satisfied and goal oriented
important psychological barriers that may prevent person from reaching their potential
what is the self congruence and conditions of worth
rogers- for personal growth to be achieved, individuals concept of self must be equivalent to or have congruence with their idela self
if too big gap exists the person will experience state of incongruence and self actualisation not possible due to negative feelings of self worth that arise from incongruence
reduce gap-client centred therapy help people cope with problem of everyday living
many issues experience as adults have roots in childhood and can be explained by lack of unconditional positive regard
parent who sets boundaries or limits on their love for child is storing up psychological problems in the future
effective therapist-able to provide his clients with unconditional positive regard that they have failed to receve as child
what is not reductionist (eval)
rejects attempts to break up behaviour and experience into smaller components
behaviourists-explain human and animal learning in terms of simple stimulus response connections
cognitive-see humans as little more than info processing machines
biological-reduce behaviour to basic physiological proceses
freud-whole personality as condlict between id superego ego
humanistic-advocate holism
suibjective experience only understood by considering the whole person
more validity than alternatives
consider meaningful human behaviour within real world context
reductionist- more scientific
ideal of science is experiment- independent and dependent variables
relatively few concepts that can be broken down to single variables and measured
short on empirical evidence to support claims
what is positive approach (eval)
optimistic
praised for bringing person back to psychology
promotes positive image of human condition
freud-human beings as prisoners of their past and claimed all existed somewhere between common unhappiness and absolute despair
see all people as basically good free to work towards achievement of their potential and in control of their lives
suggests offers refreshing and optimistic alternative to other approaches
what is cultural bias (eval)
culturally biased
individual freedom, autonomy and personal growth would be readily associated with countries that have individualist tendencies
collectivist tendencies emphasise needs of group and interdependence
ideals of humanistic may not be as important than in others
does not apply universally and product of cultural context within which it was developed
