comparison of approaches Flashcards
what are the views on development
psychodynamic- tying concepts and processes to specific stages that are determined by age, little further develpment once child enters gential stage
cognitive-intellectual developnment, children form increasingly complex concepts as they get odler
biological-maturation important principle, genetically determined changes in childs physiological status influence psychological and behavioural characteristics
humanistic-development of self as ongoing, childhood important period, childs relationship with parents in terms of unconditoinla positive regard
behaviourist and social learning theory- dont offer coherent stage theories of development, see processes underpin learning as continuous starting at any age
what is nature vs nurture
behaviourists-characterised babies blank slates at birth and suggests all behavour comes about through learned associations reinforcement contingencies
social learning- learning comes about through observation and imitation
biological-behaviour result of genetic blueprint that we inherit from parents though way expressed is influenced by environment
psychodynamic-behaviour driven by biological drives and instinct saw relationships with parents as playing fundamental role in future development
humanistic-regard parents friends and wider society as having critical impact on persons self concept
cognitive-recognise many info processing abilities and schema innate constantly refined through experience
what is reductionism
behaviourism- reductionist, breaks up complex behaviour into stimulus response units for ease of testing in lab
biological-reductionist, explains human behaviour and psychological states at level of gene or neuron
psychodynamic- reductionist, influence of sexual drives and biological instincts, personality dynamic interaction between three pats of personality is holistic
cognitive-machine reductionism-opresenting people as info processing systems and ignore influence of emotion on behaviour
social learning theory-reductionist- complex learning to handful key processes
humanistic-holistic-investigating all aspects of individual including effects of interaction with others and wider society
what is determinism
behaviourist- environmentally determinist- external influences unable to control
biological-genetic determinism- our behaviour directed by innate influences
psychodynamic-psychic determinism-unconscious forces drive behaviour ultimate cause of behaviour and simply rationalised by conscious minds
ALL HARD DETERMINISM ^^^
SOFT DETERMINISM BELOW
cognitive-chosers of own thouyghts and behaviours but only operate within limits of what we know and have experiences
social learning theory-reciprocal determinism- as well as being influenced by environment, exert some influence on through behaviours we choose to perform
humanistic-free will and operate as active agents who determine their own developmet
what is explanation and treatment of psychological disorders
behaviourist- abnormality as arising from maladaptive or faulty learning in sense that inappropriate or destructive pattenrs of behaviour have been reinforced, behaviour therapies- SD aim to condition new more healthy responses applied successfully
social learning theory-little application to treatment, principles of modelling and obersavtional learning used to explain how negative behaviours may be learned through influence of dysfunction role models
psychodynamic-anxiety disorder emgerging from unconscious conflict childhood trauma and overuse of defence mechanisms, psychoanalysis some success not for everyone requires input from patient in terms of time and ability to talk and reflect
cognitive-cbt, aims to identify and eradicate faulty thinking assumed to be root cause of maladaptive behaviour
humanistic-counselling, close gap
bioloigcal-drug therapy regulates chemical imbalances in brain
