multi store model- memory Flashcards
what is the sensory register
all stimuli from environment pass into sensory register
comprises several registers- one for each five senses
coding in each store is modality specific
store coding for visual info is iconic memory and store coding acoustically is echoic memory
duration of material in sr is brief- less than half a second
very high capacity- over one hundred million cells in one eye each storing data
info passes further into memory system only if pay attention to it
what is short term memory
info in short term memory coded acoustically and lasts 18secs unless rehearsed- temp store
limited capacity store- only contain certain number of things before forgetting occurs
stm is between five and nine items o info
maintenance rehearsal-occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over again, keep info in stm as long as we rehearse, if we rehearse long enough it passes into long term memory
what is long term memory
permanent memory store for info rehearsed for prolonged time
ltm coded semantically
duration may be up to lifetime
capacity thought to be unlimited
when we want to recall info from ltm it has to be transferred back into stm by retrieval
what is the case of hm
underwent brain surgery to relieve epilepsy
procedure used was in infancy and not fully understood
hippocampus removed rom both sides of brain-central memory function
when assessed in 1955 he thought year was 1953 and that he was 27 but he was 31- little recall of operation
could not form new long term memories
couldnt recall what he has eaten the same day
performed well on test of immediate memory span-measure of stm
what is research support (eval_
studies showing stm and ltm different
baddeley-tend to mix up words sound similar when using stm but mix up words that have similar meanings when use ltm
further support-studies of capacity and duration
clearly show stm and ltm separate and independent memory stores as claimed by msm
in everyday life we form emories related to all sorts of useful things
many studies that support msm used none of these materials
used digits letter and words- consonant syllables that have no meaning
msm may not be valid model of how memory works in everyday lives where we have to remember much more meaninful info
what is more than one stm store (eval)
evidence of more than one stm store
shallice and warrington-studied client they referred to as kf who had clinical memory disorder- amnesia
kfs stm for digits was por when they were read out loud but recall better when read the digits to himself
further studies of kf showed there could be another short term store for non verbal sounds
evidence suggests msm wrong in claiming that there is one sm store processing different types of info
what is elaborative rehearsal (eval)
prolonged rehearsal is not needed for transfer to ltm
what matters about rehearsal is amount of it- more rehearse something the more liekly it is to transfer to ltm- prolonged rehearsal
craik and watkins- type of rehearsal more important than the amount
elaborative rehearsal-needed for long term storage, occurs when ink info to existing knowledge or think about what it means , info can be transferreed to ltm without prolonged rehearsal
msm does not fully explain how long term storage achieved
