research issues

Question 1

extraneous variables

Answer 1

iv manipulated and dv measured
variable interferes with the iv should be controlled or removed- extraneous variables
make it harder to detect a result

Question 2

confounding variables

Answer 2

do change systematically with the iv
we cant be sure if this is because of iv or confounding variables

Question 3

demand characteristics

Answer 3

pps reactivity extraneous variable and difficult to control
not passive with experiments try to make sense of new situation
pps try to work out whats going on
clues interpret what is going on- aims and intentions of study
look for clues in how to behave
act in a way expected and over perform to please experimenter or underperform to sabotage the results of the study
pps behaviour no longer natural-extraneous variable might affect dv

Question 4

investigator effects

Answer 4

unwanted influence of the investigator on the reasearch outcome
coolican-include expectancy effects and unconscious cues
refer to actions of the researcher related to studys design- selection materials instructions etc
eg. leading questions

Question 5

randomisation

Answer 5

steps researcher can take to minimise effects of extraneous or confounding variables
refers to the use of chance methods to reduce researcher unconscious bias when designed an investigation
attempt to control investigator bias
pps randomly selecte dor conditions randomly determined

Question 6

standardisation

Answer 6

all pps subject to same environment info and experience
list of exactly what is done in the study
standardised instructions
non standardised changes in procedure do nt act as extraneous variables