bowlbys theory of maternal deprivation-attachment

Question 1

separation versus deprivation

Answer 1

separation-child not being in presence of primary attachment figure, only becomes probelm if child becomes deprived of emotional care

Question 2

the critical period

Answer 2

two and a half years of life critical period for psychological development
if child separated from their mother in absence of suitable substitution care and deprived of her emotional care for extnded duration then psychological damage inevitable
continuing risk until 5

Question 3

effects on development

Answer 3

intellectual development- delayed intellectual development, low IQ, deomstrated in studies of adoption, goldfarb-lower iq in children who remained in institutions as opposed to those fosterd and had higher standard of emotional care
emotional development- affectionless psychopathy inability to experience guilty or strong emotion towards others, prvents person develpoing fulfilling relationships and associated with criminality, cant appreicate fee;ings of victims and lack remorse for actions

Question 4

bowlbys research

Answer 4

44 thieves link between affectionless psychopathy and maternal deprivation
44 criminal teens accused of stealing, interviewed for signs of affectionless psychopathy-lack of affection lack of guilty and lack of empathy, families also interviewed to establish whether thieves had prolonged early separations from mothers, sample compared to control group of 44 non criminal but emotionally disturbed young people
14 of 44 thievs affectionless psychopathy 12 of these had prolonged separation in first 2yrs
5 of remaining 30 experienced separation
2 in control group experienced long separations
prolonged early separation caused affectionless psychopathy

Question 5

flawed evidence (eval)

Answer 5

poorquality evidence based on
44 thieves- bowlby carried out both family interviews and assessments for affectionless psychopathy
left open to bias because he knew in advance which teens expected to show signs
bowlby influenced by findings of goldfarbs- study has problems with confounding variables because theyd experienced early trauma and institutional care as well as prolonged separation from primary caregivers
oringinal sources of evidence for maternal deprivation had serious flas and would not be taken seriously as evidence

new line of research provided ome modest support for idea that maternal deprivation can have long term effects
levy- separating baby rats from their mother for as little as a day had permanent effect on their social development though not other aspects of development
relied on flawed evience to support theory but there are other sources of evidence for his ideas

Question 6

deprivation and privation (eval)

Answer 6

confusion between different typs of early experiences
rutter-distinction between deprivation- refers to loss of primary attachment after attachment developed
bowlby more likely privation
44 thieves disrupted early lives and may never have formed strong attachments
may have overestimated seriousness of efects of deprivation in childrens development

Question 7

critical versus sensitive periods (eval)

Answer 7

idea of critical period
damage inevitable if child not formed attachment in first 2.5yrs
evidence to suggest many cases good quality aftercare can prevent most or all this damage
koluchova-reported case of czech wins, twins experienced severe physical pain and emtoional abuse from age of 18mths until 7, severely damaged emotionally by their experience they received excellent care and by their teens they had receovered fully
lasting harm not inevitable even in cases of severe privation critical period better seen as sensitive period