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Clinical Chemistry > Reproductive Hormones > Flashcards

Reproductive Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomical unit of male gonads containing germ cells and Sertoli cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

Anatomical unit of male gonads containing Leydig cells that synthesize testosterone

A

Interstitium

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3
Q

Principal androgen synthesized in the testes; <5% derived from adrenal precursors

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

Percentage of testosterone bound to albumin, SHBG, and free circulating

A

50% albumin, 45% SHBG, 2-3% free

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5
Q

Metabolites of testosterone in males

A

Estradiol, DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)

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6
Q

Primary hypergonadism with increased testosterone and decreased FSH, LH levels

A

Testicular tumor

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7
Q

Primary hypogonadism with increased FSH, LH, and decreased testosterone levels

A

Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY) (extra X chromosome = low testosterone)

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8
Q

Secondary hypergonadism with increased FSH, LH, and testosterone levels

A

Precocious puberty

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9
Q

Secondary hypogonadism with decreased FSH, LH, and testosterone levels

A

Pan hypopituitarism

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10
Q

Anatomical unit of ovaries containing approx. 400,000 immature ova in neonates

A

Primordial follicles

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11
Q

Structure selected from a cohort of follicles that releases an ovum during the luteal phase, forming a yellow cholesterol-rich corpus luteum

A

Dominant Graafian follicle

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12
Q

Placental vascular projections of fetal tissue surrounded by the chorion

A

Chorionic villi

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13
Q

Outer layer of the chorion in direct contact with maternal blood, responsible for HCG production

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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14
Q

Inner layer of the chorion beneath the syncytiotrophoblast

A

Cytotrophoblast

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15
Q

Principal and most potent estrogen in premenopausal women

A

E2 - Estradiol

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16
Q

Estrogen that is a metabolite of estradiol or produced from androstenedione

A

E1 - Estrone

17
Q

Estrogen produced by the ovaries and placenta, especially during pregnancy

A

E3 - Estriol

18
Q

Produced by the corpus luteum and placenta, prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy

A

Progesterone

19
Q

Hormone structurally similar to prolactin and growth hormone, stimulates mammary gland development and increases maternal plasma glucose

A

hPL (human placental lactogen)

20
Q

Produced by syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta, stimulates progesterone production to prevent menstruation

A

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

21
Q

hCG peak levels during the >100,000 mIU/mL by

A

first trimester of pregnancy; 16 weeks’ gestation

22
Q

Ovarian tumor with ↑ Estradiol, ↓ FSH, LH

A

Primary hypergonadism

23
Q

Menopause or Turner syndrome (45,X) with ↓ Estradiol, ↑ FSH, LH

A

Primary hypogonadism

24
Q

Gonadotropin-secreting tumors with ↑ FSH, LH, Estradiol

A

Secondary hypergonadism

25
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome with ↓ FSH, LH, Estradiol

A

Secondary hypogonadism

26
Q

Hormone from the pineal gland that targets the hypothalamus for induction of sleep; ↓ levels disrupt circadian rhythm

A

Melatonin

27
Q

Neurotransmitter from the pineal gland and GIT affecting smooth muscles, nerves, and multiple systems

A

Serotonin

28
Q

↑ in argentaffinoma/carcinoid syndrome; detected by ↑ urine 5HIAA

A

Serotonin

29
Q

Hormone from the stomach promoting gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth; ↑ in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)

A

Gastrin

30
Q

Hormone from adipose tissue targeting muscle and liver; increases fatty acid oxidation and suppresses glucose formation

A

Adiponectin

31
Q

Hormone from adipose tissue targeting the hypothalamus; inhibits appetite and stimulates metabolism

A

Leptin

32
Q

Relationship between adiponectin/leptin levels and BMI

A

Inversely related; ↑/↓ risk for metabolic syndrome

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