Plasma Lipid Analysis Flashcards by pattie o.

chemical method for cholesterol uses

alcoholic KOH

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product in cholesterol chemical method

cholesterol and fatty acids

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method involving colorimetry, mix, incubate, and measure to analyze cholesterol levels

1-step Method

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method involving colorimetry and extraction to analyze cholesterol levels

2-step Method

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method involving colorimetry, extraction, and saponification for cholesterol analysis

3-step Method

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method involving colorimetry, extraction, saponification, and precipitation for cholesterol analysis

4-step Method

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reagent used in Liebermann-Burchardt reaction

acetic anhydride

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color produced in Liebermann-Burchardt reaction

green cholestadienyl monosulfonic acid

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reagent used in Salkowski reaction

Fe3+

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color produced in Salkowski reaction

red cholestadienyl disulfonic acid

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CDC reference method for cholesterol measurement

Modified Abell-Kendall Method

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enzymatic method for cholesterol uses

peroxidase catalyzed dye oxidation

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enzymes used in cholesterol enzymatic method

cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase

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product of enzymatic cholesterol method

quinonimine dye (red)

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chromogen used in enzymatic cholesterol method

4-aminophenazone, 4-aminoantitipyrine

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desirable cholesterol level

<200 mg/dL

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borderline high cholesterol level

200–239 mg/dL

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high cholesterol level

≥240 mg/dL

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moderate risk for CHD in ages 2-19

≥170 mg/dL

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high risk for CHD in ages 2-19

≥185 mg/dL

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moderate risk for CHD in ages 20-29

≥200 mg/dL

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high risk for CHD in ages 20-29

≥220 mg/dL

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moderate risk for CHD in ages 30-39

> 220 mg/dL

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high risk for CHD in ages 30-39

≥240 mg/dL

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moderate risk for CHD in ages 40+

≥240 mg/dL

high risk for CHD in ages 40+

≥260 mg/dL

Chemical method used for triglyceride analysis

Alcoholic KOH

Product formed in triglyceride chemical method

formaldehyde (HCHO) | Glycerol + O2 ---periodic acid→ formaldehyde (HCHO) ## Footnote Initial product is Glycerol and 3 fatty acid

Color observed in colorimetric triglyceride method (Van Handel-Zilversmith)

Pink (CDC), Blue

Reagent used in Van Handel-Zilversmith method for triglycerides

Chromotropic acid

Color observed in fluorometric triglyceride method (Hantzch)

Yellow

Reagent used in fluorometric triglyceride method

Diacetyl acetone

Enzyme used in triglyceride enzymatic method

Lipase

Enzyme used to convert glycerol to glycerophosphate

Glycerokinase

Enzyme involved in peroxidase-catalyzed dye oxidation for triglycerides

Peroxidase

Absorbance measurement wavelength for triglyceride analysis

340 nm

Enzyme involved in converting glycerophosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

Enzyme required for triglyceride hydrolysis

Lipase

Enzyme that reacts with chromogen in peroxidase-catalyzed dye oxidation

Peroxidase

Normal triglyceride reference value

< 150 mg/dL

Borderline high triglyceride reference value

150–199 mg/dL

High triglyceride reference value

200–499 mg/dL

Very high triglyceride reference value

≥ 500 mg/dL

Plasma appearance for triglycerides <200 mg/dL

Clear

Plasma appearance for triglycerides >300 mg/dL

Hazy or turbid

Plasma appearance for triglycerides >600 mg/dL

Opaque and milky

Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with which conditions?

Hyperlipoproteinemia types 1, 3, 4, 5, 2b, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis, hypothyroidism

Hypotriglyceridemia is associated with which conditions?

Malnutrition, malabsorption syndrome, hyperthyroidism

Method for HDL-C measurement involving sample density adjustment with potassium bromide

Ultracentrifugation

Substance used in the homogeneous (direct assay) method for HDL-C to block non-HDL lipoproteins

Antibody to apo B-100

Method using polyanion-divalent cations for HDL-C measurement

Precipitation followed by POD-coupled cholesterol determination

CDC reference method for HDL-C measurement

Ultracentrifugation, heparin-Mn2+ precipitation, and Abell-Kendall assay

Reference value indicating high risk for CHD in HDL-C

< 40 mg/dL

Desirable reference value for HDL-C

> 60 mg/dL

Method for LDL-C measurement involving ultracentrifugation and precipitation to remove VLDL and HDL

β Quantification

Homogeneous method for LDL-C using _________ to block or solubilize non-LDL lipoproteins

Detergents or other chemicals

Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL in mg/dL

VLDL = TG / 5

De Long equation for calculating VLDL in mg/dL

VLDL = TG / 6.5

Condition when Friedewald calculation for LDL is unreliable

When TG levels are >200 mg/dL; unacceptably high error at TG >400 mg/dL

Optimal reference value for LDL-C

< 100 mg/dL

LDL-C level considered very high

≥ 190 mg/dL

Acceptable total error for cholesterol measurements according to NCEP guidelines

≤ 9%

Acceptable CV and Bias for cholesterol measurements according to NCEP guidelines

CV ≤ 3%; Bias ≤ 3%

Acceptable total error for triglyceride measurements according to NCEP guidelines

≤ 15%

Acceptable CV and Bias for triglyceride measurements according to NCEP guidelines

CV ≤ 5%; Bias ≤ 5%

Acceptable total error for LDL-C measurements according to NCEP guidelines

≤ 12%

Acceptable CV and Bias for LDL-C measurements according to NCEP guidelines

CV ≤ 4%; Bias ≤ 4%

Acceptable total error for HDL-C measurements according to NCEP guidelines

≤ 13%

Acceptable CV and Bias for HDL-C measurements according to NCEP guidelines

CV ≤ 4%; Bias ≤ 5%