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Clinical Chemistry > Blood Collection > Flashcards

Blood Collection Flashcards

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1
Q

Time and conditions for serum preparation after blood collection.

A

Centrifuge at 1000-2000 g (RCF) for 10 mins, separate serum or plasma from cells within 2 hours (except gel tubes).

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2
Q

Time frame for analyzing blood samples, and storage conditions if delayed.

A

Analyze within 4 hours, refrigerate for 48 hours, freeze at –20°C for longer storage.

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3
Q

Blood sample types used in clinical chemistry and preferred tests.

A

Serum and plasma (heparinized) are preferred for most tests; Serum > plasma for glucose, K, PO4, HCO3, Ck, Ast, Alb.

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4
Q

Difference in values between whole blood (WB) and plasma for glucose.

A

WB value < Plasma value for glucose by 10-15%.

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5
Q

Tests that use whole blood and their associated values for comparison.

A

HBA1C, ABG, POCTs; Cb value > VB value for glucose post-prandial, K, and VB value > CB value for Tp, Ca.

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6
Q

Venipuncture sites and techniques for blood collection.

A

Antecubital fossa (median, cephalic veins), dorsal hand/foot veins; tourniquet 3-4 inches above site, not longer than 1 min.

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7
Q

Standard antiseptic for routine venipuncture.

A

70% isopropyl alcohol.

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8
Q

Antiseptic for culture or hypoallergenic individuals during venipuncture.

A

70% isopropyl alcohol + iodophor/povidone-iodine/chlorhexidine.

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9
Q

Needle angle for venipuncture.

A

15-30 degrees.

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10
Q

Venipuncture method preferred for infants and children.

A

Butterfly/Winged Infusion Set.

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11
Q

Venipuncture method for multisample collection.

A

Evacuated Tube System (closed system + multisample collection).

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12
Q

Typical use of 20-gauge needle (Yellow).

A

For large-volume tubes or syringes used on patients with normal-size veins.

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13
Q

Typical use of 21-gauge needle (Green).

A

Standard needle gauge for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins.

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14
Q

Typical use of 22-gauge needle (Black).

A

For older children, adults with small veins, or difficult veins requiring syringe draws.

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15
Q

Typical use of 23-gauge needle (Blue).

A

Used for infants, children, or hand veins of adults and difficult veins.

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16
Q

Typical use of 25-gauge needle (Orange).

A

Used to collect blood from scalp or tiny veins of premature infants (prone to hemolysis).

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17
Q

Needle length ranges for different types.

A

1-1.5 inches for multiple hypodermic, 0.5-0.75 inch for butterfly.

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18
Q

EDTA mechanism and its function.

A

Prevents coagulation by the same mechanism, binds calcium.

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19
Q

Function of Citrate as an anticoagulant.

A

Binds and removes calcium to prevent clotting.

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20
Q

Function of Oxalate as an anticoagulant.

A

Precipitates calcium (Ca2+).

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21
Q

Function of Heparin as an anticoagulant.

A

Inhibits thrombin, acts on anti-thrombin III to prevent clotting.

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22
Q

Clot activators used in blood collection.

A

Silica (celite/diatomite), Thrombin.

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23
Q

Role of Thixotropic Gel Separator.

A

Gel + silica (SST) or gel + heparin (PST) used for separating blood components.

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24
Q

Purpose of Antiglycolytic agents (Sodium Fluoride, Iodoacetate).

A

Inhibit urease/uricase to prevent glycolysis, affecting BUN and uric acid levels.

25
Q

Use of Iodoacetate in assays.

A

Used for glucose assay along with BUN and uric acid.

26
Q

EDTA for Whole Blood (WB) tests.

A

Used for HBA1c and TDM (Immunosuppressant WB).

27
Q

EDTA for Plasma tests.

A

Preferred for lipids and lipoproteins (LPs).

28
Q

EDTA’s routine use in clinical chemistry.

A

Not routinely used in CC (Citrate and Oxalate are not common for routine use).

29
Q

Heparin use for Arterial Blood tests.

A

Used for ABG (Arterial Blood Gas), NH3 (Ammonia).

30
Q

Heparin use for Plasma tests.

A

Used for most clinical chemistry tests, including special tests like markers for CHF (BNP, NT-BNP).

31
Q

Clot activators and thixotropic gel use.

A

For STAT serum tests to provide short clotting times.

32
Q

Antiglycolytic agents gray top tubes for .

A

“glucose, lactate, and ethanol testing.”

33
Q

EDTA tube color.

A

Lavender/Purple top, Pink.

34
Q

Citrate tube color and use.

A

Blue top, used for ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate), Black top for ESR.

35
Q

Oxalate tube color.

A

Gray top.

36
Q

Heparin tube color.

A

Green top.

37
Q

Silica tube color and use.

A

Red plastic tube (CT 30 mins for clotting).

38
Q

Thrombin tube color and clotting time.

A

Orange top, clotting time 5 minutes.

39
Q

Gel + Silica tube color.

A

Gold (Red or Tiger with black spots).

40
Q

Gel + Heparin tube color.

A

Light green or green with gray spots.

41
Q

Sodium fluoride iodoacetate tube color.

A

Gray top.

42
Q

Order of draw in multiple collection using ETS.

A

Blood culture > Coagulation tubes > Serum tubes > Heparin > EDTA > Oxalate/fluoride.

43
Q

Number of inversions for SPS/sterile, EDTA, oxalate/fluoride tubes.

A

8-10 inversions.

44
Q

Number of inversions for coagulation tubes.

A

3-4 inversions.

45
Q

Number of inversions for plastic and SST tubes with silica.

A

5 inversions.

46
Q

Factors affecting evacuated tube quality.

Ambient Temperature:

A

High = Increased draw volume

Low = Decreased draw volume.

47
Q

Factors affecting evacuated tube quality.

Altitude

A

High altitude (>5000 ft) = Decreased draw volume.

48
Q

Factors affecting evacuated tube quality.

Humidity

A

High = Water migration inside tube

Low = Escape of water vapor from tubes.

49
Q

Factors affecting evacuated tube quality.

Light

A

Affects CTAD tube for coagulation tests

CTAD: citrate, theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole

50
Q

Indications for capillary puncture.

A

Newborn Screening (Heel stick), POCT, DM monitoring.

51
Q

Sites for capillary puncture.

A

Heel (3rd or 4th), Finger, Big Toe, Ear Lobe.

52
Q

Recommended length of lance blade for heel stick.

A

1.75 mm or < 2 mm.

53
Q

Consequences of squeezing the capillary puncture site.

A

Dilution with tissue juice, Hemolysis affecting analytes.

54
Q

Capillary order of draw

A

Blood gas > Slides/smears > Additives > Serum.

55
Q

Warming for blood gas specimen

A

Arterialize capillary blood (mimics ABG).

56
Q

Arterial puncture angles

A

Radial: 45°
Brachial: 45–60°
Femoral (last choice): 60-90°

57
Q

What procedure?

Checks collateral circulation (radial artery)

A

Modified Allen Test

58
Q

Preferred heparin for arterial blood

A

Lyophilized heparin (0.05 mL/mL).

powdered!!

Clinical Chemistry (35 decks)

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