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Clinical Chemistry > Carbohydrates Tests for DM > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Tests for DM Flashcards

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1
Q

Screening for diabetes should occur

A

Every 3 years for adults ≥45 years old; every year for individuals with ≥1 risk factor

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2
Q

RPG (Random Plasma Glucose) test is used with

A

Symptoms of diabetes (3P) for diagnosis

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3
Q

RPG criteria for diagnosing diabetes is

A

≥200 mg/dL with symptoms of DM

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4
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) requires

A

At least 8 hours of fasting (only water allowed)

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5
Q

Normal FPG is

A

<100 mg/dL

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6
Q

Prediabetes FPG is

A

100-125 mg/dL

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7
Q

Diabetes FPG is

A

≥126 mg/dL (confirmatory)

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8
Q

2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) requires

A

CHO intake ≥150 g/day for 3 days prior to test

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9
Q

Fasting for 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) test is

A

8-14 hours

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10
Q

Standard load for OGTT is

A

75 grams for adults, or 1.75g/kg body weight for children

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11
Q

Normal 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

A

<140 mg/dL

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12
Q

Prediabetes 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

A

140-199 mg/dL

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13
Q

Diabetes 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

A

≥200 mg/dL

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14
Q

HbA1c specimen type is

A

EDTA whole blood

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15
Q

HbA1c test is

A

Not affected by meal or fasting

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16
Q

Prediabetes HbA1c is

A

5.7-6.4%

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17
Q

Diabetes HbA1c is

A

“≥6.5%”

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18
Q

Screening period for GDM in nondiabetic pregnant women

A

24-28 weeks of gestation

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19
Q

One-Step Method for GDM uses

A

75 g glucose load (2-hour OGTT)

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20
Q

One-Step Method FPG diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 92 mg/dL

21
Q

One-Step Method 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 180 mg/dL

22
Q

One-Step Method 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 153 mg/dL

23
Q

Two-Step Method Step 1 glucose load is

A

50 g (1-hour OGTT)

24
Q

Two-Step Method Step 1 diagnostic threshold to proceed to Step 2 is

A

> = 140 mg/dL

25
Q

Alternative Two-Step Method Step 1 thresholds with greater sensitivity are

A

> = 130 or 135 mg/dL

26
Q

Two-Step Method Step 2 glucose load is

A

100 g (3-hour OGTT)

27
Q

Two-Step Method Step 2 FPG diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 95 mg/dL

28
Q

Two-Step Method Step 2 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 180 mg/dL

29
Q

Two-Step Method Step 2 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 155 mg/dL

30
Q

Two-Step Method Step 2 3-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

A

> = 140 mg/dL

31
Q

Positive result for Two-Step Method is defined as

A

2 out of 4 values meeting or exceeding the threshold

32
Q

Whole blood glucose monitoring is commonly performed using

A

POCT devices at home or patient bedside

33
Q

Frequency of blood glucose monitoring for Type 1 DM according to ADA

A

3-4 times daily

34
Q

Comparison of whole blood glucose to plasma glucose levels

A

10-15% lower than plasma glucose

35
Q

ADA glycemic goal for pre-prandial glucose

A

70-130 mg/dL

36
Q

ADA glycemic goal for post-prandial glucose

A

<180 mg/dL

37
Q

Definition of HbA1c

A

HbA with glucose irreversibly attached to one or both N-terminal valines of the β-chains

38
Q

Duration HbA1c reflects average blood glucose

A

2-3 months (120-day RBC lifespan)

39
Q

ADA glycemic goal for HbA1c

A

<7%

40
Q

HbA1c value indicating poor glycemic control

A

> 12%

41
Q

Equation to estimate Average Glucose (eAG) from HbA1c

A

eAG = (28.7*A1c) - 46.7

42
Q

Definition of fructosamine

A

Glycosylated albumin reflecting glucose control over 2-3 weeks

43
Q

Clinical use of fructosamine

A

Used when HbA1c is unreliable

44
Q

Reference range for fructosamine

A

205-285 umol/L

45
Q

Fructosamine is unreliable in patients with serum albumin level

A

≤3 g/dL

46
Q

Microalbuminuria is an early indicator of

A

Diabetic nephropathy

47
Q

Microalbuminuria diagnostic criteria

A

20-200 ug/min, 30-300 mg/24h, or albumin-creatinine ratio of 30-300 ug/mg

48
Q

Microalbuminuria confirmation requires persistence in

A

2 out of 3 urine collections within 3-6 months

Clinical Chemistry (35 decks)

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