Carbohydrates Tests for DM

Question 1

Screening for diabetes should occur

Answer 1

Every 3 years for adults ≥45 years old; every year for individuals with ≥1 risk factor

Question 2

RPG (Random Plasma Glucose) test is used with

Answer 2

Symptoms of diabetes (3P) for diagnosis

Question 3

RPG criteria for diagnosing diabetes is

Answer 3

≥200 mg/dL with symptoms of DM

Question 4

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) requires

Answer 4

At least 8 hours of fasting (only water allowed)

Question 5

Normal FPG is

Answer 5

<100 mg/dL

Question 6

Prediabetes FPG is

Answer 6

100-125 mg/dL

Question 7

Diabetes FPG is

Answer 7

≥126 mg/dL (confirmatory)

Question 8

2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) requires

Answer 8

CHO intake ≥150 g/day for 3 days prior to test

Question 9

Fasting for 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) test is

Answer 9

8-14 hours

Question 10

Standard load for OGTT is

Answer 10

75 grams for adults, or 1.75g/kg body weight for children

Question 11

Normal 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

Answer 11

<140 mg/dL

Question 12

Prediabetes 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

Answer 12

140-199 mg/dL

Question 13

Diabetes 2-hour Post-Prandial Plasma Glucose (OGTT) is

Answer 13

≥200 mg/dL

Question 14

HbA1c specimen type is

Answer 14

EDTA whole blood

Question 15

HbA1c test is

Answer 15

Not affected by meal or fasting

Question 16

Prediabetes HbA1c is

Answer 16

5.7-6.4%

Question 17

Diabetes HbA1c is

Answer 17

“≥6.5%”

Question 18

Screening period for GDM in nondiabetic pregnant women

Answer 18

24-28 weeks of gestation

Question 19

One-Step Method for GDM uses

Answer 19

75 g glucose load (2-hour OGTT)

Question 20

One-Step Method FPG diagnostic criterion is

Answer 20

> = 92 mg/dL

Question 21

One-Step Method 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

Answer 21

> = 180 mg/dL

Question 22

One-Step Method 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

Answer 22

> = 153 mg/dL

Question 23

Two-Step Method Step 1 glucose load is

Answer 23

50 g (1-hour OGTT)

Question 24

Two-Step Method Step 1 diagnostic threshold to proceed to Step 2 is

Answer 24

> = 140 mg/dL

Question 25

Alternative Two-Step Method Step 1 thresholds with greater sensitivity are

Answer 25

>= 130 or 135 mg/dL

Question 26

Two-Step Method Step 2 glucose load is

Answer 26

100 g (3-hour OGTT)

Question 27

Two-Step Method Step 2 FPG diagnostic criterion is

Answer 27

>= 95 mg/dL

Question 28

Two-Step Method Step 2 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

Answer 28

>= 180 mg/dL

Question 29

Two-Step Method Step 2 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

Answer 29

>= 155 mg/dL

Question 30

Two-Step Method Step 2 3-hour plasma glucose (PG) diagnostic criterion is

Answer 30

>= 140 mg/dL

Question 31

Positive result for Two-Step Method is defined as

Answer 31

2 out of 4 values meeting or exceeding the threshold

Question 32

Whole blood glucose monitoring is commonly performed using

Answer 32

POCT devices at home or patient bedside

Question 33

Frequency of blood glucose monitoring for Type 1 DM according to ADA

Answer 33

3-4 times daily

Question 34

Comparison of whole blood glucose to plasma glucose levels

Answer 34

10-15% lower than plasma glucose

Question 35

ADA glycemic goal for pre-prandial glucose

Answer 35

70-130 mg/dL

Question 36

ADA glycemic goal for post-prandial glucose

Answer 36

<180 mg/dL

Question 37

Definition of HbA1c

Answer 37

HbA with glucose irreversibly attached to one or both N-terminal valines of the β-chains

Question 38

Duration HbA1c reflects average blood glucose

Answer 38

2-3 months (120-day RBC lifespan)

Question 39

ADA glycemic goal for HbA1c

Answer 39

<7%

Question 40

HbA1c value indicating poor glycemic control

Answer 40

>12%

Question 41

Equation to estimate Average Glucose (eAG) from HbA1c

Answer 41

eAG = (28.7*A1c) - 46.7

Question 42

Definition of fructosamine

Answer 42

Glycosylated albumin reflecting glucose control over 2-3 weeks

Question 43

Clinical use of fructosamine

Answer 43

Used when HbA1c is unreliable

Question 44

Reference range for fructosamine

Answer 44

205-285 umol/L

Question 45

Fructosamine is unreliable in patients with serum albumin level

Answer 45

≤3 g/dL

Question 46

Microalbuminuria is an early indicator of

Answer 46

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 47

Microalbuminuria diagnostic criteria

Answer 47

20-200 ug/min, 30-300 mg/24h, or albumin-creatinine ratio of 30-300 ug/mg

Question 48

Microalbuminuria confirmation requires persistence in

Answer 48

2 out of 3 urine collections within 3-6 months