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Clinical Chemistry > Lipids and Lipoprotein > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipoprotein Flashcards

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1
Q

Protein molecules in lipoprotein metabolism, structural proteins, and ligands for cell receptors.

A

Apolipoproteins

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2
Q

Amphipathic lipids

A

Phospholipids and non-esterified cholesterol.

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3
Q

Core components of lipoproteins

A

Neutral lipids: Triglycerides (TAG), cholesterol esters, free fatty acids (NEFA).

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4
Q

HDL surrogate markers

A

Apolipoproteins A-I

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5
Q

Apolipoprotein A-I function

A

HDL structural protein, LCAT activator.

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6
Q

Plasma concentration of A-I

A

100-200 mg/dL.

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7
Q

Apolipoprotein A-II function

A

HDL structural protein.

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8
Q

Plasma concentration of A-II

A

20-50 mg/dL.

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9
Q

Apolipoprotein A-IV function structural protein for

A

CM, VLDL, HDL.

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10
Q

Plasma concentration of A-IV

A

10-20 mg/dL.

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11
Q

Apolipoprotein B-100 function

A

Structural protein for VLDL, IDL, LDL; LDL receptor ligand.

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12
Q

Plasma concentration of B-100

A

70-125 mg/dL.

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13
Q

Apolipoprotein B-48 function

A

Structural protein for CM; remnant receptor ligand.

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14
Q

Plasma concentration of B-48

A

<5 mg/dL.

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15
Q

Apolipoprotein C-I function

A

Structural protein for CM, VLDL, HDL.

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16
Q

Plasma concentration of C-I

A

5-8 mg/dL.

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17
Q

Apolipoprotein C-II function

A

Structural protein; LPL cofactor.

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18
Q

Plasma concentration of C-II

A

3-7 mg/dL.

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19
Q

Apolipoprotein C-III function

A

Structural protein; LPL inhibitor.

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20
Q

Plasma concentration of C-III

A

10-12 mg/dL.

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21
Q

Apolipoprotein E function

A

Recognition factor for targeting CM and VLDL remnants to hepatic receptor.

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22
Q

Plasma concentration of E

A

3-15 mg/dL.

23
Q

Catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol

A

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

24
Q

Mediates endocytosis of lipoproteins, especially LDL

A

LDL Receptor (LDL-R)

25
Q

Catalyzes hydrolysis of TG in lipoproteins, releasing free fatty acids and glycerol

A

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

26
Q

Chylomicron Density

A

<0.93

27
Q

VLDL Density

A

0.93 - 1.006

28
Q

LDL Density

A

1.019 - 1.063

29
Q

HDL Density

A

1.063 - 1.21

30
Q

Electrophoretic Mobility of apolipoproteins from origin to anode

A

Chylomicron, B-LDL, IDL, Pre-B (VLDL), A (HDL)

31
Q

Ultracentrifuge Density (Top to Bottom)

A

Chylomicron, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL

32
Q

Chylomicron Major Component

A

Triglyceride (Exogenous), Apolipoproteins B48, C, E

33
Q

VLDL Major Component

A

Triglyceride (Endogenous), Apolipoproteins B100, C, E

34
Q

LDL Major Component

A

Cholesterol (>50%), Apolipoprotein B100

35
Q

HDL Major Component

A

Protein 50% and Phospholipids, Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C, E

36
Q

Chylomicron transportation

A

Transports Exogenous Lipids

37
Q

VLDL transportation

A

Transports Endogenous Lipids

38
Q

LDL transportation

A

Transports Cholesterol to Peripheral Tissues (Atherogenic)

39
Q

HDL

A

Reverse Cholesterol Transport (Tissues to Liver)

40
Q

Involves lipid absorption, exogenous, endogenous, and reverse cholesterol transport pathways

A

Lipoprotein Metabolism

41
Q

Lipid Absorption

A

Conversion of dietary lipids into more polar compounds by Pancreatic Lipase facilitated by bile

42
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Excess fat in feces, may indicate infection or lipid absorption issue

43
Q

Triglyceride Conversion (Lipid Absorption)

A

Triglyceride → Monoglycerides for better absorption

44
Q

Cholesterol Ester Conversion

A

Cholesterol esters → Free cholesterol for absorption

45
Q

Phospholipid Conversion for absorption

A

Phospholipids → Lysophospholipids

46
Q

Exogenous Pathway

A

Chylomicrons carry dietary lipids from the intestine to circulation

47
Q

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Action

A

Hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol

48
Q

Lipolytic product of VLDL catabolism, intermediate between VLDL and LDL in density, protein, and lipid content

A

IDL (Minor Lipoprotein)

49
Q

Floating B-lipoprotein with high cholesterol content, seen in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia or dysbetalipoproteinemia

A

B-VLDL

50
Q

Prothrombotic lipoprotein with Apo(a) homologous to plasminogen, associated with stroke, MI, and CHD

A

Lp(a)

51
Q

Abnormal lipoprotein associated with obstructive biliary disease and LCAT deficiency, composed of phospholipids and non-esterified cholesterol

A

LpX

52
Q

Minor lipoprotein found with Albumin, involved in lipid transport

A

Apo C w/ Albumin

53
Q

LDL Density & Mobility

A

LDL density and mobility are similar to VLDL, with a role in cholesterol transport to peripheral tissues

Clinical Chemistry (35 decks)

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