Reproduction and Development Flashcards
Primary Sex Characteristics
Structures directly involved in reproduction
Uterus/ovaries
Testes
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Structure that indicate sexual maturity, or used to attract a mate
Body hair
Breasts
Voice
Fat distribution
Oviducts
Fallopian tube
Eggs travel from ovary to uterus from oviduct
Uterus
Fertilized egg implants itself in endometrium of uterine wall
Where development of embryo occurs
Vagina
Baby passes through the cervix and vagina during birth
Seminiferous Tubules
Found in testes
Where sperm development occurs
Interstitial Cells
In testes
Produce hormones (testosterone and androgens)
Scrotum
Testes hang here
Keeps testes 2 degrees colder in order for sperm development to occur
Epididymis
Coiled tube attached to testis
Sperm storage and maturation
Vas Deferens
Transfers sperm from epididymis to urethra of penis
Seminiferous Vesicles
Glands that secrete mucus into vas deferens during ejaculation, allowing sperm to move in a liquid medium
Glands secrete fructose to provide energy for sperm
also secrete prostaglandins, which stimulate uterine contractions, ultimately allowing sperm to move into uterus
Prostate Gland
Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of the vagin
Can also neutralize any urine left over in the urethra
Bulbourethral glands
Cowper’s glands
Secrete fluid in urethtra
Sperm
Compact packages of DNA
Contains haploid nucleus
Acrosome (tip of sperm head) contains hydrolytic enzymes used to help sperm penetrate the egg
Corona Radiata and Zona Pellucida
Outermost layer of the egg made up of jelly like follicular cells
Inside are layers of glycoproteins (vitelline layer) that surrounds the PM of the cell (zona pellucida in mammacls)
Oogenesis
Production of eggs begins during embryonic development (before birth)
Oogonia
Cells that go through mitosis to produce primary oocytes
Primary Oocytes
Go through meiosis, but stop at prophase 1
Stay here until puberty
After reaching puberty, primary oocyte continues meiosis again (happens for one primary oocyte every menstrual cycle)
Follicle cell
Where oocyte develops
Provides protection and nourishment for ooxyte
Secondary Oocyte
Division is unequal, majority of cytoplasm given to one daughter cell rather than splitting it equally
Results in secondary oocyte (with most of cytoplasm) and polar body
Allows for secondary oocyte to have most nutrients, mitochondria..etc
Divison pauses and does not enter meiosis 2
Ovulation
Secondary oocyte is released from follicle
Makes way through oviduct where if can be fertilized
If fertilized, egg begins meiosis 2
Daughter cell will also be a polar body
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Begins during puberty inside seminiferous tubules of testes
Spermatogonia
Cells that repeatedly undergo mitosis to produce primary spermaotocytes
Primary spermatocytes
Undergo meiosis to produce 2 secondary spermocytes
Secondary spermocytes
Undergo meiosis 2 to produce 4 spermatids
Spermatids—> sperm cell– travel to epidydymis where they complete maturation and stay here until needed
Sertoli cells
Provide nourishment for maturing spermatids, allowing them to grow into mature sperm cells
