Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 1

Structures directly involved in reproduction

Uterus/ovaries

Testes

Question 2

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 2

Structure that indicate sexual maturity, or used to attract a mate

Body hair

Breasts

Voice

Fat distribution

Question 3

Oviducts

Answer 3

Fallopian tube

Eggs travel from ovary to uterus from oviduct

Question 4

Uterus

Answer 4

Fertilized egg implants itself in endometrium of uterine wall

Where development of embryo occurs

Question 5

Vagina

Answer 5

Baby passes through the cervix and vagina during birth

Question 6

Seminiferous Tubules

Answer 6

Found in testes

Where sperm development occurs

Question 7

Interstitial Cells

Answer 7

In testes

Produce hormones (testosterone and androgens)

Question 8

Scrotum

Answer 8

Testes hang here

Keeps testes 2 degrees colder in order for sperm development to occur

Question 9

Epididymis

Answer 9

Coiled tube attached to testis

Sperm storage and maturation

Question 10

Vas Deferens

Answer 10

Transfers sperm from epididymis to urethra of penis

Question 11

Seminiferous Vesicles

Answer 11

Glands that secrete mucus into vas deferens during ejaculation, allowing sperm to move in a liquid medium

Glands secrete fructose to provide energy for sperm

also secrete prostaglandins, which stimulate uterine contractions, ultimately allowing sperm to move into uterus

Question 12

Prostate Gland

Answer 12

Secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of the vagin

Can also neutralize any urine left over in the urethra

Question 13

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 13

Cowper’s glands

Secrete fluid in urethtra

Question 14

Sperm

Answer 14

Compact packages of DNA

Contains haploid nucleus

Acrosome (tip of sperm head) contains hydrolytic enzymes used to help sperm penetrate the egg

Question 15

Corona Radiata and Zona Pellucida

Answer 15

Outermost layer of the egg made up of jelly like follicular cells

Inside are layers of glycoproteins (vitelline layer) that surrounds the PM of the cell (zona pellucida in mammacls)

Question 16

Oogenesis

Answer 16

Production of eggs begins during embryonic development (before birth)

Question 17

Oogonia

Answer 17

Cells that go through mitosis to produce primary oocytes

Question 18

Primary Oocytes

Answer 18

Go through meiosis, but stop at prophase 1

Stay here until puberty

After reaching puberty, primary oocyte continues meiosis again (happens for one primary oocyte every menstrual cycle)

Question 19

Follicle cell

Answer 19

Where oocyte develops

Provides protection and nourishment for ooxyte

Question 20

Secondary Oocyte

Answer 20

Division is unequal, majority of cytoplasm given to one daughter cell rather than splitting it equally

Results in secondary oocyte (with most of cytoplasm) and polar body

Allows for secondary oocyte to have most nutrients, mitochondria..etc

Divison pauses and does not enter meiosis 2

Question 21

Ovulation

Answer 21

Secondary oocyte is released from follicle

Makes way through oviduct where if can be fertilized

If fertilized, egg begins meiosis 2

Daughter cell will also be a polar body

Question 22

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 22

Begins during puberty inside seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 23

Spermatogonia

Answer 23

Cells that repeatedly undergo mitosis to produce primary spermaotocytes

Question 24

Primary spermatocytes

Answer 24

Undergo meiosis to produce 2 secondary spermocytes

Question 25

Secondary spermocytes

Answer 25

Undergo meiosis 2 to produce 4 spermatids

Spermatids—> sperm cell– travel to epidydymis where they complete maturation and stay here until needed

Question 26

Sertoli cells

Answer 26

Provide nourishment for maturing spermatids, allowing them to grow into mature sperm cells