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DAT- BIO > Plant Tissue and Structure > Flashcards

Plant Tissue and Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ground Tissue

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Scierenchyma

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2
Q

Parenchyma

A

Site of photosynthesis

Has thin cell walls

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3
Q

Collenchyma

A

Mechanical support and has thick cell walls, but flexible

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4
Q

Scierenchyma

A

Mechanical support

Thickest cell walls

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5
Q

Dermal Tissue

A 
Epidermal cell (secrete waxy cuticle)
Guard cells (around stomata)
Specialized cells (i.e. hair, glandular...etc)
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6
Q

Vascular Bundle

A

Xylem + Phloem

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7
Q

Xylem

A

Used for water and mineral transport

Acts as mechanical support

Contains a secondary cell wall for added strength

Dead cells at maturity, consist of cell walls but lack the cellular components

2 types- tracheids, vessel elements

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8
Q

Pits

A

Where secondary cell wall is absent

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9
Q

Tracheids

A

Long and tapered

Water passes from one tracheid to another through pits on the overlapping tapered ends of cells

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10
Q

Vessel Elements

A

Shorter and wider than tracheids

Have less or no taper at their ends

Column of vessel members = vessel

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11
Q

Perforations in Vessel Elements

A

Holes between cells

Water passes from one vessel member to the next through areas devoid of both primary and secondary cell walls (perforations)

Water moves through better and more easily through perforations than tracheids (more evolutionary advanced)

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12
Q

Phloem

A

Transport sugars

Made up of sieve tube member cells

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13
Q

Sieve tube members

A

Form fluid conducting columns called sieve tubes

Are living at maturity (unlike xylem cells)

Lack nuclei and ribosomes, but contain other cell components

Pores on ends of cells form sieve plates

Each sieve tube member is connected with companion cells (parenchyma) by a plasmodesmata tube

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14
Q

Sieve plates

A

Junctions hat connect 2 cell cytoplasms

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15
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Conifer seeds

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16
Q

Angiosperms

A

Flowering plants seed

Can be dicots (2 seeds inside seed coat), or monocots (1 seed inside seed coat)

17
Q

Seed

A

Embryo + seed coat + storage material

Storage material can be endosperm or cotyldons (formed by digesting/using storage material in endosperm

18
Q

Parts of embryo

A 
Epicotyl
Plumule
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Coleoptile
19
Q

Epicotyl

A

Top part of seed

Becomes the shoot tip

20
Q

Plumule

A

Young leaves attached to the epicotyl

21
Q

Hypocotyl

A

Below the epicotyl
Attached to the cotyledons
Becomes the young shoot

22
Q

Radicle

A

Develops into the root

Only forms in some plants

23
Q

Coleoptile

A

A sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

24
Q

Germination

A

Seed reaches maturity and becomes dormant until certain cues are triggers for it to grow (water, temperature, light…etc)

25
Q

Process of Germination

A

Absorption of water causes seed to swell, seed coat cracks

Radicle produces roots to anchor the seed (root cap protects apical meristem behind it)

Hypocotyl elongates, producing shoot

In young seedling, grows at apical meristems (tip of roots and shoots)

26
Q

Meristematic

A

Areas of cells actively divididing

Forms zone of cell division

27
Q

Zone of elongation

A

After division, newly formed cells absorb water and begin to elongate

(Growth)

28
Q

Zone of maturation/differentiation

A

Cells mature into xylem, phloem, parenchyma, or epidermal cells

29
Q

Primary growth

A

Mostly occurs for monocots

Actively dividing cells are only at the apical meristerms

Increases length of root or shoot

Primary tissues develop from this type of growth (primary xylem and primary phloem)

30
Q

Secondary Growth

A

Occurs in conifers and woody dicots

Occurs in addition to primary growth

Increases the lateral dimensions of the plant (girth)

Occurs at 2 lateral meristerms (vascular cambium, cork cambium)

31
Q

Vascular cambium

A

Produces secondary xylem and phloem

32
Q

Cork cambium

A

Produces periderm (protective covering on outside)

33
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive structure of angiosperms

34
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive structure

35
Q

Sepal

A

Part of a flower

Encloses petals

36
Q

Peduncle

A

Stalk part of flower

Bears flower/fruit

DAT- BIO (41 decks)

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