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DAT- BIO > Ch.1- Cell and Molecular Bio > Flashcards

Ch.1- Cell and Molecular Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Generic Formula of Sugar

A

C(x)H(2x)Ox

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2
Q

Molecular Formula of Glucose

A

C6H12O6

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3
Q

Alpha-Glucose

A

OH on bottom (See notes)

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4
Q

Beta-Glucose

A

OH on top (See notes)

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5
Q

Carbons in Ribose

A

5

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6
Q

Bond in Dissacharides

A

Glycosidic linkage

Formed via condensation/dehydration reactions

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7
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose

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8
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose+ Galactose

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9
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + Glucose

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10
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plant cells

Polymer of alpha- glucose molecules

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11
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy storage in animals
Polymer of alpha-glucose molecules
Has branhces

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12
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural role of walls in plant cells
Polymer of beta glucose

Beta-1,4 glycosidic - very rigid

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13
Q

Chitin

A

Structural role in walls of fungus and in exoskeletons of arthropods
Beta glucose polymer

Has beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

Has a N attached to each glucose molecule

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14
Q

Function of lipids

A

Insulation
Energy storage
Structural roles (cholesterol, phospholipids)
Endocrine function

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15
Q

Glycolipid

A

Similar to phospholipid

Contains CHO molecule instead of phosphate group

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16
Q

Steroids

A

Backbone form 4 C rings linked together

Prokaryotes don’t have sterols

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17
Q

Generic structure of Amino Acid

A

C bonded to

  • Aminoa group
  • Carboxyl group
  • Hydrogen
  • R group
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18
Q

Formation of peptide

A

Produces water

Forms Peptide bond using peptidyl transferases

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19
Q

Storage proteins

A

Casein (milk)

Ovalbumin (egg whites)

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20
Q

Transport proteins

A

Vesicles that transport materials in and out of cells

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21
Q

Cytochromes

A

Transport proteins that carry electrons

22
Q

Defensive Proteins

23
Q

Enzymes

A

Regulates rate of chemical reactions

24
Q

Denaturation

A

Structures above secondary level is removed
Not broken down into individual amino acids

Usually irreversible, but can sometimes be reverse with the removal of denaturing agent

25
Q

Nucleotides

A

N base
5 C sugar (i.e. deoxyribose)
Phosphate gorup

26
Q

Neucleoside

A

Only sugar and base

27
Q

Purines

A

A,G

2 rings

28
Q

Pyrimadines

A

1 ring

C,T

29
Q

DNA vs RNA

A

RNA has ribose not deoxyribose
U not T
Single stranded

30
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living organisms are composed of 1+ cells

Cells are the basic unit of structure,function and organization in all organisms

All cells come from pre-existing, living cells

Cells carry hereditary information

31
Q

RNA World Hypothesis

A

Self replicating RNA molecules were precursors to current life (based on DNA, RNA, proteins)

RNA stores genetic info like DNA, catalyzes chemical reactions

RNA unstable compared to DNA,, more likely to participate in chem reactions due to its extra OH group

32
Q

Central Dogma of Genetics

A

Info in genes flows into proteins

DNA—> RNA—> Protein

Can’t go from protein back to nucleic acid

33
Q

Ribozymes

A

RNA molecule capable of acting as an enzyme

Sometimes DNA is converted to RNA to function as an ribozyme

34
Q

H bond Between C:G

35
Q

H Bonds Between A:T

36
Q

Amylose

A

Linear plant starch

Forms alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds

37
Q

Amylopeptic

A

Branched from of plant starch

Alpha 1,4 (linear) or
Alpha 1,6-glycosidic (branches)

38
Q

3 Structural Classifications of Protein

A

Fibrous, globular, intermediate

39
Q

Fibrous Proteins

A

Insoluble

Long polymer fibers/sheets

Form structural components of cells

i.e collagen

40
Q

Globular Proteins

A

Soluble

Tightly folded

i.e. Albumin

41
Q

Intermediate Structural Proteins

A

Soluble

Fiber shaped

i.e. Fibrinogen

42
Q

Conjugated Protein

A

Have aa and non-protein components

i.e. glycoproteins

43
Q

Holoenzymes

A

Enzymes bound to their cofactor

44
Q

Apoenzyme

A

Enzyme not bound to its cofactor

45
Q

Bonds in TAG

46
Q

Light Microscopes are good for seeing

A

Cell organization

Cell division

Movement

47
Q

Electron Microscopy

A

Electrons have smaller wavelength= higher resolution and magnification

48
Q

SEM

A

Focused beam of electrons scans sample’s surface

Good for studying surface topography, morphology, composition

49
Q

TEM

A

Electrons transmitted through surface

Sample needs to be fixed first

Good for studying internal structures

50
Q

Fluorescence Microscope

A

Good for studying movement in cell, across PM, or in protein interactions

DAT- BIO (41 decks)

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