Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
Commonalities Among Animals
Heterotrophs Multicellular Dominantly diploid Usually motile Undergo embryonic development
Differences
Body Symmetry Tissue Complexity Gastrovascular Cavity Cephalization Segmentation
Eumetazoa
Have tissue layers that develop into organs
Parazoa
Do not have tissue layers or organs
Radial Summetry
Circular, only front/bacl or top/bottom
Resemble a pie (cuttig several planes produces identical pieces)
No left or right side (only top and bottom)
i.e starfish
Bilateral Symetry
Divides into mirror images halves through the sagittal plane
i..e dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior sides
Grastrovascular Cavity
one opening (sac like)
Two openings (digestive tract)
Coelom
Cavity that develops during embryonic development from the mesoderm layer
Acts as a cushion for internal organs
Cephalization
Organisms with bilateral symmetry have greater innervation towards head
i.e. brain
Segmentation
Segmented body parts, or body parts that repeat
Porifera
(i.e. Sponges)
Symmetry: Asymmetrical
Coelom: None
Tissue Organization: Parazoa (organisms with no true tissues)
Digestive System: Intracellular digestion via amoebocytes
Reproduction: Can reproduce asexually (budding) or sexually (hermaphrodites)
Characteristics: Immobile suspension feeders that live in aquatic habitats, earliest form of animals
Cnidaria
i.e. Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
Symmetry:Radial
Coelom: None
Tissue Organization: Eumetazoa (organisms with true tissues)
Digestive System: 2 way digestion with gastrovascular cavity that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for mobility
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
Characteristics: Live in aquatic habitats with some capable of having life cycles that switch from polyp to medusa forms
Platyhelminthes
i..e Flatworms, tapeworms
Symmetry: Bilateral with cephalization (has head)
Coelom: None
Tissue Organization: Tripoblasts (3 layers of germ cells)
Digestive System: 2 way digestion with gastrovascular cavity that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for mobility
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
Excretory system: Contain flame cells that filter harmful substances from the body
Characteristics: Parasitic lifestyles (Tapeworms are insternal parasites), do not contain their own digestive tract, so they need pre-digested food
Nematoda
i.e. Roundworms
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: Has a pseudocoelom
Tissue Organization: Tripoblasts (3 layers of germ cells has endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm), eumetazoa (true tissues)
Digestive System: 1 way digestion with alimentory canal
Characteristics: Soil dwellers that recycle nutrients
Rotifers
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: has pseudocoelom
Tissue Organization: Tripoblasts, eumetazoa
Digestive System: 1 way digestion with alimentory canal
Reproduction- Sexually or parthenogenetically
Characteristics:
Live mostly in freshwater and draw water/food into their system using cilia
Not truly segmented
Flame Cells
Filter harmful substances
Also have cilia that help filter harmful substances)
Mollusca
i.e. Snails
Second most diverse phylum
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: Coelomate
Tissue Organization: Triploblast, eumetazoa
Digestive System: 1 way digestion using a radula
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
Respiratory System- gills
Characteristics: Live on land or aquatic habitats
Have a radula and mantle
Radula
Structure of tiny teeth used for scraping food particles off a surface and drawing them into the mouth
Mantle
Thin layer of tissue found inside mollusks that secretes calcium carbonate to build their shells during growth
Annelids
i..e Earthworm, leech
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: Coelomate
Tissue Organization: Triploblasts, eumetazoa
Digestive System: 1 way digestion with alimentory canal
Reproduction: sexual and asexual
Characteristics: Have both longitudinal and circular muscles with segmented bodies
Arthropoda
i.e. Spiders, insects, grasshoppers
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: Coelomate
Tissue Organization: Triploblasts, eumetazoa
Digestive System: 1 way digestion (some have salivary glands)
Characteristics:Have exoskeleton and jointed appendages
Most diverse since they have more species than any other phylum
Echinodermata
i..e Starfish, sea urchins
Symmetry: Bilateral during larvae stage, radial during adult stage
Coelom: Coelomate
Tissue Organization: Triploblasts, eumetazoa
Digestive System: Complete digestive system with mouth and anus
Nervous System: Nerve ring with radial nerves
Reproduction: Sexual and asexual
Characteristics: Have water vascular system with central disk and tube feet
Closest phylum to chordata
Chordata****
Symmetry: Bilateral
Coelom: Triploblasts, eumetazoa
Characteristics: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, muscular tail present during development
Notochord
Functions as support in development, usually replaced by bone
Becomes part of vertebral column, as well as muscles of the axial skeleton
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Eventually becomes spinal cord (NOT COTOCHORD), including the brain
Pharyngeal Gill Slits
Eventually becomes gills, pharynx, or other feeding mechanisms
Muscular Tail
Often lost during embryonic develop (i.e. humans)
Classification of Chordata
Invertebrate (lancelets, tunicates)
Vertebrate (sharks, fish, birds, mammals)
Vertebrate Chordates
Characterized by a series of bone, the vertebrae, that enclose the spinal cord
Invertebrates Excrete….
Uric acid
Mammal Excrete…
Urea
Protosomes vs. Deuterostomes
During embryonic development, all annimal phyla are protosomes except for echinodermates and chordates (deuterostomes)
