Nervous System

Question 1

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 1

AP jumps from node to node

Faster than going down entire axon

Question 2

EPSP

Answer 2

Na channels open

influx of Na

Question 3

IPSP

Answer 3

K channels open

Outflux of K

Hyperpolarization

Question 4

Breakdown of ACH

Answer 4

Cholinesterase

Question 5

Sympathetic

Answer 5

Fight or flight

Question 6

Parasympathetic

Answer 6

Rest and digest

Stimulates secretion of saliva or digestive enzymes

Slows down HR

Question 7

Reflex Arc

Answer 7

Involuntary, rapid response to a stimulu

Involves a sensory, motor, and interneuron

Not regulated by the brain

Question 8

Frontal Lobe

Answer 8

Reasoning
Planning
Problem solving

Question 9

Parietal Lobe

Answer 9

Orientation
Recognition
Perception

Question 10

Occipital Lobe

Answer 10

Visual processing

Question 11

Temporal Lobe

Answer 11

Recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, speech

Question 12

Corpus Callosum

Answer 12

Bundle of axons that connect 2 hemispheres

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Part of limbic system

Produces ADH

Regulates homeostasis, thirst, hunger, pituitary gland…etc

Question 14

Hippocampus

Answer 14

Part of limbic system

Learning and memory

Question 15

Medulla

Answer 15

Maintains vital body functions like breathing and HR

Question 16

Passage of LIght

Answer 16

Cornea—> Pupil—> Lens—> Retina–> Bipolar cells—> Ganglion cells—> optic nerve

Question 17

Cornea

Answer 17

Focuses light

Question 18

Pupil

Answer 18

Diameter controlled by pigmented iris

Question 19

Lens

Answer 19

Focuses image

Controlled by cilliary muscles

Question 20

Retina

Answer 20

Contains photoreceptors

Question 21

Rods

Answer 21

Low light
No colour
Pigment rhodopsin found here

Question 22

Rhodopsin

Answer 22

Struck by photons causing hyperpolarization

AP sent to brain

Question 23

Cones

Answer 23

High levels of light

Sensitive to colour

Question 24

Vitrous Humor

Answer 24

Maintains eyeshape and optical properties

Question 25

Aqueous Humor

Answer 25

Anterior chamber

Produced by eye

Question 26

Fovea

Answer 26

Packed with cones, no rods

Important for high acuity vision

Question 27

Hyperopia

Answer 27

Farsightedness

Question 28

Myopia

Answer 28

Nearsightedness

Question 29

Astigmatism

Answer 29

Irregular shaped cornea

Question 30

Cataracts

Answer 30

Lens become opaque, light can’t enter

Question 31

Galucoma

Answer 31

Increase in eye pressure due to blocking of outflow of aqueous humor

Question 32

Outer Ear

Answer 32

Contains auricle/pinna and auditory canal–> directs sound to external auditory canal

Question 33

Middle Ear

Answer 33

Amplifies sound

Contains tympanic membrane

Question 34

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 34

Contains ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)

vibrates at the same frequency as incoming sound

Question 35

Inner Ear

Answer 35

Wave moves through cochlea (vibration of ossicles exert pressure on fluid)

As wave moves through the pressure alternates, moving the vestibular membrane in and out

also has semicircular canals responsible for balance (fluid + hair cells sense orientation + motion)

Question 36

Organ of Corti

Answer 36

Contains specialized hair cells

Detects movement of vestibular membrnae

Transduces to neural signal