Kingdom Protista Flashcards
Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Kingdom Protista
Most poorly understood
Used for convenience than to accurately depict evolutionary relationships
Divisions of Kingdom Protistia
Algaelike/Plantlike
Funguslike
Aniamllike
Unicellular/ Multicellular
Algaelike
Autotrophs
Obatin food via photosynthesis (using chlorophyll a
Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Dinoatoms Brown algae Rhodophyta Chlorophyta
Euglenoids
Algaelike
1-3 flagella at leading (front) end
Have pellicles instead of cell wall
Can be heterotrophic if no light is present
Have an eyespt that allows phototaxis (moves in response to light)
Pellicles
Thin protein layer that wraps around membrane
Dinoflagellates
2 flagella (1 posterior, 1 transverse that lays in a groove around it)
Can be bioluminescent
Can produce neurotoxins damaging to humans
Diatoms
Unicellular
Have hard shells (tests) made of silica
Brown Algae
Multicellular
Flagellated sperm cells
Giant seaweeds/kelp
Rhodophyta
Red algae
Contain red pigments (phycobilins)
Multicellular
Gametes do not have flagella
Chlorophyta
Green algae
Have Chlorophyll a and b
Cellulose in cell walls
Store carbs as starch
Variety in sexuality (isogamous, anisogamous, oogamous)
Isogamous
Sperm and egg same size
Anisogamous
Sperm and egg different size
Oogamous
Egg large, immobile
Sperm small, mobile
Charophytes
Linage of chlorophyta
Ancestor of plants
Animallike (Protozoa)
Heterotrophs that consume living cells or dead matter
Rhizopoda
Foraminifera
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Rhizopoda
Amoebas
Move by pseudopodia (extension of body, surround food and do phagocytosis)
Foraminifera (Forarms)
Have shells (tests) made of calcium carbonate
Good indicator of underlying oiil deposit in ancient marine sediments
Apicomplexans
Parasites of animals
Characterized by apical complex (organelles at front of cell)
No physical means of movement
Form spores that complete its life cycle, sometimes in multiple hosts
i.e. Malaria- Spends part of its life cycle in mosquitos and humans
Ciliates
Use cilia to move
Most complex cell because of specialized structures (mouth, anal pores, 2 kinds of nuclei, contractile vacuoles..etc)
i..e Paramecium
Funguslike
Protists that resemble fungi because they form either filaments or spore bearing bodies
Cellular slime molds
Plasmodial slime molds
Oomycota
Cellular Slime Molds
Spores germinate into amoebas, which feed on bacteria
When food is limited, amoebas all aggregate into a single unit and move as a slug
Individual cells of slug mobilize to form a stalk with a capsule at the top (similar to spore bearing bodies of many fungi
Spores are released, repeat the cycle when they germinate
Aggregation stimulated by cAMP (secreted by amoebas that experience food deprivation
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Grows as a single, spreading mass (plasmodium), feeding on decaying vegetation
When food is unavailable or environment dries up, stalks bearing spore capsules form
Haploid spores released from capsule germinate into haploid amoeboid or flagellated cells, which fuse to form a diploid cell
Diploid cell grows into spreading plasmodium
Oomycota
Water molds, downy mildews, white rusts
Either parasites or saprobes (decomposers)
Form filaments (hyphae), which secrete enzymes that digest the surrounding substances
Breakdown products of digestion then absorbed
Filaments lack septa (cross walls), which in many fungi patrician filaments into compartments
Cell walls made of cellulose (not chitin like in fungi)
Coenocytic
Containing many nuclei within a single cells
Oomycota are coenocytic because of lack of septa
