Integuement System Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Skin

A

Thermoregulation

Protection

Environmental sensory input

Excretion (water and salts)

Immunity (specialized cells in epidermis are part of immune system)

Blood reservoir (vessels in dermis hold up to 10% of blood)

Vit D synthesis (UV radiation activates skin molecule that is a precursor to Vit D)

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial

Avascular epithelial tissue (depends on dermis for oxygen and nutrients)

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3
Q

Cells in epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Langerhans cells

Merkel cells

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin that helps waterproof skin

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5
Q

Melanocytes

A

Transfer skin pigment melanin to kertinocytes

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6
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Interact with helper T cells

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7
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Attach to sensory neurons and function in touch sensation

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8
Q

Hair

A

Unique to mammals

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9
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum (superficial)

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale (deepest)

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10
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

25-30 dead layers

Filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids

Lamellar granules= water repellent

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11
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Only in palms, soles of feet, finger tips

3-5 layers of clear/dead cells

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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

3-5 layers of dying cells

Lamellar bodies released by hydrophobic lipids

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13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Strength and flexibility

8-10 layers held together by desmosomes (keratin involving adhesion proteins)

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14
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Germinativum

Contains Merkel cells and stem cells that divide to produce kertinocytes

Attached by basement membrane

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15
Q

Movement of Keratinocytes

A

Pushed to top layer

Rise—> accumultae and die—> lose cytoplasm, nucleus, other organelles–> slough off body

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16
Q

Dermis

A

Primarily connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)

Contains hair follicles, glands, nerves, and blood vessels

17
Q

Dermis- Papillary Region

A

Top 20% of dermis

18
Q

Dermis- Reticular Region

A

Dense connective tissues, collagen, elastic fibers

Lots of oil glands, sweat gland ducts, fat, hair follicles

Provides strength and elasticity

19
Q

Stretch marks

A

Tears in dermis

20
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous

Not part of skin

Areolar (connective) and adipose tissue

Fat storage

Pressure sensing nerve endings

Passage for blood vessels

21
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Oil

Connected to hair follicles

Absent in palms and soles

22
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat

23
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Wax

Ear canal

Produce wax like material as barrier to extrance

24
Q

Mammary glands

A

Milk glands

25
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Sudoferrous (sweat) glands

regulates temp through perspiration, eliminates urea

26
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sudoferrous (sweat) glands

(armpits, pubic region, nipples)- more viscous secretion