Digestive System

Question 1

Starches

Answer 1

Broken down to glucose

Question 2

Protein

Answer 2

Broken down to amino acids

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Broken into glycerol/FA

Question 4

Nucleic Acids

Answer 4

Broken down into nucleotides

Question 5

Salivary Amylase

Answer 5

In mouth

Breaks down starch to maltose

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

When food enters here, epiglottis blocks it from entering the trachea

Question 7

Esophagus

Answer 7

Peristalsis moves through esophagus and digestive tract

Question 8

Gastric Juice

Answer 8

Secreted into stomach
Mix of enzymes and HCl
Unfolds proteins and kills bacteria

Question 9

Chyme

Answer 9

Prouced as water and gastric juice mixed with food

Question 10

Pepsin

Answer 10

Enzyme that chemically breaks down proteins

Pepsinogen secreted (inactive form of pepsin)

Prevents stomach cells from digesting itself

Pepsinogen activated with in contact with HCl (proteins only digested after pepsinogen has been secreted)

Question 11

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 11

Valve that releases chyme into SI

Question 12

Duodenum

Answer 12

First part of SI

Continues to digest protein, starches, fats, and nucleotides

Question 13

Enzymes in SI

Answer 13

Proteases
Lactase
Maltase
Phosphates

From SI wall

Question 14

Proteases

Answer 14

Proteolytic enzymes

Question 15

Phosphates

Answer 15

Digestion of nucleotides

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

Secretes trypsin and chymotrypsin (proteases)

Lipase (fat digestion)

Pancreatic amylase (starch digestion)

Question 17

Bile

Answer 17

Secreted by liver
Emulsifies fats, increasing their SA and allows for digestion by lipase

Byproducts of detoxification from liver secreted in bile

Not an enzyme

Stored next to liver in gall bladder

Secreted into duodenum

Question 18

Villi, Microvilli

Answer 18

Allows for absorption

Increases SA

Question 19

Colon

Answer 19

Reabsorbs water to form feces

Question 20

Appendix

Answer 20

Branches off at the beginning of the large intestine

Also called a cecum in herbivores (has bacteria to digest cellulose)

Question 21

Gastrin

Answer 21

Hormone

When food enters stomach, gastrin produced by stomach cells

Also produced when we see or smell food

Gastrin enters bloodstream and stimulates cell to release gastric juice

Question 22

Secretin

Answer 22

Hormone

Produced in the duodenum when food enters from the stomach

Stimulates pancreas to make bicarb to neutralize chyme

Question 23

Cholecytokinin

Answer 23

Hormone

Produced by SI in response to fats

Stimulates bile release from gall bladder

Stimulates pancreas to release digestive enzymes

Question 24

Cytochrome P450

Answer 24

In liver, role in detoxification

Question 25

Portal Vein

Answer 25

Nutrient rich blood

From intestinal tract

Question 26

Proper Hepatic Artery

Answer 26

Oxygenated blood