DNA Replication Flashcards
Stop Codons
UAA
UGA
UAG
Features of Virus
DNA or RNA
Capsid/protein coat
Envelope (surrounds capsid)
Episome
Found in some plasmids
Can be incorporated into bacterial chromosome
F Plamsmid
Has genes that allow bacteria to make pilus (to connect to other bacteria)
R Plasmid
Provide bacteria resistance againnst Ab
Conjugation
DNA exchange between bacteria through pilus
Transduction
New DNA introduced into genome by virus
Transformation
Bacteria absorbs DNA from surrounding
Operon
If bound by repressor protein, transcription stops
Lac Operon
Controls breakdown of lactose (catabolic)
Lactose present- binds to active repressor
Repressor leaves operon
Transcription starts
Need lactose, no glucose
Trp Operon
Controls synthesis of Trp (anabolic)
Repressor normally inactive and unbound
Trp present, acts as co-repressor and binds and activates repressor
Stops synthesis of Trp
Methylation of histones
DNA tightly packed
Reduces transcription
Acetylation of Histones
Uncoils DNA
siRNA
Block transcription/translation or degrade mRNA
