Q9 - Arteries + Veins + Lymphatic System Flashcards
paired veins are called
venae comitantes
what is an arterial anastomosis
where are they found
what is their function
connection between two arteries
found in Brain and heart
allow for multiple routes for blood to reach capillary beds so important tissues always have blood flow
what is an arteriovenous anastomosis
where are they found
why is their design helpful?
direction connection between arteries and veins
visceral organs and joints
a change in body position often hinders blood flow through one vessel or another
what is the lymphatic system composed of
lymphatic organs (lymph nodes, thymus, spleen), lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymphoid tissues (mucosa associated, tonsils, gut associated)
lymphatic functions
- defence: production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
- maintains normal blood volume
- provides a mean of equalizing the chemical composition of interstitial fluid
- provides and alternate route for the absorption of fats
what is lymph
fluid connective tissue similar in composition to interstitial fluid
differences between blood capillaries and lymph capillaries
blood:
- continuous circuit
- small diameter
- round/regular outline
- thicker walls+continuous basement membrane
- endothelial cell = tightly bound
lymph:
- one way (have a closed end)
- diameter = larger
- flatter/irregular outline
- thin wall, no continuous basement membrane
- endothelial cells overlap (act as valves, letting interstitial fluid in)
- have collagen anchoring filaments (help with pressure so vessels won’t collapse)
how do lymphatic vessels differ structural from veins?
more valves than veins, thinner walls, bulging where vales are present
thoracic (left lymph) - which specific areas does it drain? and where does it empty into bloodstream?
3/4 of the body - both side of body inferior to diaphragm,, left side superior to diaphragm.
-into left subclavian vein near base of left internal jugular vein
right lymphatic duct receives lymph from?
empties into bloodstream where?
receives from right quadrant, ride side of body superior to diaphragm
drains into right subclavian vein
lymphoid nodules are found in?
within the wall fo the various segments of the digestive tract
clusters of lymphoid nodules in intestinal wall are called
aggregated lymphoid nodules
large nodules in the pharyngeal wall are called
tonsils
lymphocytes in tonsils are responsible for
remove pathogens that are ingested in food or inspired in air
3 sets of tonsils
pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
large array of lymphatic associated with the whole digestive tract is called
GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue) or MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)
what kind of tissue provides internal structure for a lymph node?
Reticular
functions of lymph nodes?
initiate immunes response - filter and purify lymph before it enters the venous system
other lymphoid organs (name 2)
thymus, spleen
function of the spleen
remove damaged RBC’s, stores iron, initiates immune response by B and T cells response antigens
how does lymph node function compare to the spleen?
similar: removes abnormal blood cells through phagocytosis, stores iron recycles from breakdown of RBC’s, initiate immune response by B and T cells activation to antigens
vermiform appendix function
contains a mass of fused lymphoid nodules and its B-cells produce antibodies which help destroy bacteria and viral invaders that have crossed the epithelium of the digestive tract. along with the rest of GALT it helps maintain the “blood bowel” barrier which prevents potentially harmful bacteria form entering the hepatic portal system and small intestine.
