Q9 - Arteries + Veins + Lymphatic System

Question 1

paired veins are called

Answer 1

venae comitantes

Question 2

what is an arterial anastomosis
where are they found
what is their function

Answer 2

connection between two arteries
found in Brain and heart
allow for multiple routes for blood to reach capillary beds so important tissues always have blood flow

Question 3

what is an arteriovenous anastomosis
where are they found
why is their design helpful?

Answer 3

direction connection between arteries and veins
visceral organs and joints
a change in body position often hinders blood flow through one vessel or another

Question 4

what is the lymphatic system composed of

Answer 4

lymphatic organs (lymph nodes, thymus, spleen), lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymphoid tissues (mucosa associated, tonsils, gut associated)

Question 5

lymphatic functions

Answer 5

• defence: production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
• maintains normal blood volume
• provides a mean of equalizing the chemical composition of interstitial fluid
• provides and alternate route for the absorption of fats

Question 6

what is lymph

Answer 6

fluid connective tissue similar in composition to interstitial fluid

Question 7

differences between blood capillaries and lymph capillaries

Answer 7

blood:

• continuous circuit
• small diameter
• round/regular outline
• thicker walls+continuous basement membrane
• endothelial cell = tightly bound

lymph:

• one way (have a closed end)
• diameter = larger
• flatter/irregular outline
• thin wall, no continuous basement membrane
• endothelial cells overlap (act as valves, letting interstitial fluid in)
• have collagen anchoring filaments (help with pressure so vessels won’t collapse)

Question 8

how do lymphatic vessels differ structural from veins?

Answer 8

more valves than veins, thinner walls, bulging where vales are present

Question 9

thoracic (left lymph) - which specific areas does it drain? and where does it empty into bloodstream?

Answer 9

3/4 of the body - both side of body inferior to diaphragm,, left side superior to diaphragm.
-into left subclavian vein near base of left internal jugular vein

Question 10

right lymphatic duct receives lymph from?

empties into bloodstream where?

Answer 10

receives from right quadrant, ride side of body superior to diaphragm
drains into right subclavian vein

Question 11

lymphoid nodules are found in?

Answer 11

within the wall fo the various segments of the digestive tract

Question 12

clusters of lymphoid nodules in intestinal wall are called

Answer 12

aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 13

large nodules in the pharyngeal wall are called

Answer 13

tonsils

Question 14

lymphocytes in tonsils are responsible for

Answer 14

remove pathogens that are ingested in food or inspired in air

Question 15

3 sets of tonsils

Answer 15

pharyngeal, palatine, lingual

Question 16

large array of lymphatic associated with the whole digestive tract is called

Answer 16

GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue) or MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

Question 17

what kind of tissue provides internal structure for a lymph node?

Answer 17

Reticular

Question 18

functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 18

initiate immunes response - filter and purify lymph before it enters the venous system

Question 19

other lymphoid organs (name 2)

Answer 19

thymus, spleen

Question 20

function of the spleen

Answer 20

remove damaged RBC’s, stores iron, initiates immune response by B and T cells response antigens

Question 21

how does lymph node function compare to the spleen?

Answer 21

similar: removes abnormal blood cells through phagocytosis, stores iron recycles from breakdown of RBC’s, initiate immune response by B and T cells activation to antigens

Question 22

vermiform appendix function

Answer 22

contains a mass of fused lymphoid nodules and its B-cells produce antibodies which help destroy bacteria and viral invaders that have crossed the epithelium of the digestive tract. along with the rest of GALT it helps maintain the “blood bowel” barrier which prevents potentially harmful bacteria form entering the hepatic portal system and small intestine.