Q7-Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
general functions of the autonomic nervous system
regulate body temp, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems.
how it is different from the somatic system?
somatic is for voluntary muscular movements, autonomic is for involuntary smooth muscle, glandular, visceral structures.
two divisions of the autonomic system
sympathetic - fight or flight
parasympathetic - rest and digest
two types neurons involved in efferent ANS route
pre and post ganglionic
locations of PNS ganglia parasympathetic and sympathetic
Sym:
-either side of vertebral column (chain gang)
-collateral ganglia anterior to vertebral column in thoracic cavity
-adrenal medulla
Para:
-intramural ganglion (within tissue of target organ)
-terminal ganglion (near target organ)
Pre-ganglionic fibres - length and myelination and NT
sym:
short, myelinated, ACH
para:
long, myelinated ACH
post-ganglionic fibres - length and myelination and NT
sym: long, un-myelinated, NOR/EPI
para: short, un-myelinated, ACH
what travel through white rami communicates
myelinated pre-ganglionic axons of pre-ganglionic fibres (of all ANS)
where are sympathetic chain ganglia found
either side of vertebral column
Sympathetic Innervation of general visceral effectors:
- pathway of these fibres through the ganglia
- what are the general skin effectors
(pre-ganglionic nerve) lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion (synapse with post-ganglionic nerve)- grey rami - spinal nerve - effectors
effectors: sweat glands, superficial blood vessels
Sympathetic innervation of Thoracic Cavity Viscera
- pathway
- what are the effectors and the effects?
lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - synapse with sympathetic nerve - effectors
effectors: heart and lungs, increase rates of both
Sympathetic innervation of Abdomino-pelvic Cavity Viscera
- pathway
- what are the effectors and the effects?
lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - synapse with post-ganglionic nerve - effectors
effectors: liver, gallbladder, small/large intestine, kidney, adrenal medulla, uterus, ovary, penis, scrotum, bladder
General sympathetic effect on abdominopelvic organs
decrease function, mobilize energy stores from adipose tissue and liver and muscle into blood stream.
adrenal medulla - where and what do they secrete
on top of kidneys, secrete NOR and EPI
difference between effect of chemical messengers from suprarenal medullae compared to those released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons (2 differences)
- cells not enervated by post-ganglionic fibres are only affected if they have receptors for NOR/EPI
- effects last much longer due to bloodstream circulation rather than innervation
pathway for sympathetic fibres to suprarenal medullae vs sympathetic fibres to abdomino pelvic effectors
lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - pass through with NO SYNAPSE - go to suprarenal medullae
lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - SYNAPSE with post-ganglionic neutron - effectors
what spinal nerves are the part of the efferent parasympathetic system and what structures do they innervate?
III - eye
VII - salivary glands
IX - salivary glands
X - visceral organs in abdominopelvic cavity (75% of parasympathetic innervation from this nerve)
what ganglia do parasympathetic nerves synapse at?
intramural - inside walls of viscera
terminal - located near target organs
what level does the sacral section of the parasympathetic exit the spinal cord from?
S2-S4
what is different about sacral parasympathetic fibers when exiting the spinal cord?
do not join spinal nerves, but form their own pelvic nerves that synapse with short post-ganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia in the lower abdomino pelvic cavity organs.
four organs innervated by the sacral parasympathetic neurons
kidney, bladder, large intestine, sex organs.
know both the parasympathetic pathways form the CNS (medulla oblongata and sacral sections) to the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity effectors)
see textbook
what are ventricles of the brain and their functions
cerebrospinal fluid filled cavities
- prevent neural contact with bone
- support brain through fluid suspension
- transport nutrients, waste, chemicals
3 meninges
dura mater, arachnid mater, pia mater
dura mater has what two layers and what sinus filled with what
endosteal layer (outer) meningeal layer (inner)
dural sinuses (2) - between the two layers of dura containing interstitial fluid, blood vessels
what is subarachnoid space and what does it contain
space below arachnoid mater containing cerebrospinal fluid
what is the Pia mater?
highly vascularized membrane anchored to surface of brain by astrocyte projections
what are gyri
elevated ridges of the brain separated by sulci
what are sulci
shallow depression of the brain separated by gyri
what are fissures
deeper grooves of the brain
four lobes of brain and functions
Frontal: conscious skeletal muscle control
Temporal: conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli
Parietal: conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temp, and taste
Occipital: conscious perception of visual stimuli
prefrontal cortex functions
coordinate info relayed from all cortical association areas. predicting consequences of events/actions.
insula lobe functions
language and balance
visceral functions
some aspects of smell
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex: voluntary movement control
post central gyrus
primary sensory cortex - somatic only - touch, pressure, pain, taste, temp - sent here so we are consciously aware of it
be able to identify: longitudinal tissue, lateral sulcus, central sulcus, cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, post central gyrus.
N/A
be able to identify: corpus callosum, thalamus and hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
N/A
function of corpus callosum
central white matter linking right and left hemispheres
cranial nerves, area they impulse, primary function
I - olfactory, special sense, smell
II - optic, special sense, vision
III - oculomotor, motor, eye movements
VI - trochlear, motor, eye movements
V - trigeminal - sense and motor, major sensory nerve of the face
VI - abducens - motor, eye movements
VII - facial - sensory and motor, major motor nerve of facial expression
VIII - vestibulocochlear - special sense, equilibrium and hearing
IX - glossopharyngeal - sensory and motor
X - Vagus - sensory and motor
XI - accessory - motor, muscles of the head and neck
XII - motor, tongue muscles
Mnemonic for remembering sensory/motor/both
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cranial nerves, area they impulse, primary function
I - olfactory, special sense, smell
II - optic, special sense, vision
III - oculomotor, motor, eye movements
VI - trochlear, motor, eye movements
V - trigeminal - sense and motor, major sensory nerve of the face
VI - abducens - motor, eye movements
VII - facial - sensory and motor, major motor nerve of facial expression
VIII - vestibulocochlear - special sense, equilibrium and hearing
IX - glossopharyngeal - sensory and motor
X - Vagus - sensory and motor
XI - accessory - motor, muscles of the head and neck
XII -hypoglossal - motor, tongue muscles
Mnemonic for remembering cranial nerves
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