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EPHE 141 > Q7-Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Q7-Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

general functions of the autonomic nervous system

A

regulate body temp, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems.

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2
Q

how it is different from the somatic system?

A

somatic is for voluntary muscular movements, autonomic is for involuntary smooth muscle, glandular, visceral structures.

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3
Q

two divisions of the autonomic system

A

sympathetic - fight or flight

parasympathetic - rest and digest

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4
Q

two types neurons involved in efferent ANS route

A

pre and post ganglionic

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5
Q

locations of PNS ganglia parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

Sym:
-either side of vertebral column (chain gang)
-collateral ganglia anterior to vertebral column in thoracic cavity
-adrenal medulla
Para:
-intramural ganglion (within tissue of target organ)
-terminal ganglion (near target organ)

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6
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibres - length and myelination and NT

A

sym:
short, myelinated, ACH
para:
long, myelinated ACH

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7
Q

post-ganglionic fibres - length and myelination and NT

A

sym: long, un-myelinated, NOR/EPI
para: short, un-myelinated, ACH

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8
Q

what travel through white rami communicates

A

myelinated pre-ganglionic axons of pre-ganglionic fibres (of all ANS)

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9
Q

where are sympathetic chain ganglia found

A

either side of vertebral column

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10
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of general visceral effectors:

  • pathway of these fibres through the ganglia
  • what are the general skin effectors
A

(pre-ganglionic nerve) lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion (synapse with post-ganglionic nerve)- grey rami - spinal nerve - effectors

effectors: sweat glands, superficial blood vessels

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11
Q

Sympathetic innervation of Thoracic Cavity Viscera

  • pathway
  • what are the effectors and the effects?
A

lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - synapse with sympathetic nerve - effectors

effectors: heart and lungs, increase rates of both

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12
Q

Sympathetic innervation of Abdomino-pelvic Cavity Viscera

  • pathway
  • what are the effectors and the effects?
A

lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - synapse with post-ganglionic nerve - effectors

effectors: liver, gallbladder, small/large intestine, kidney, adrenal medulla, uterus, ovary, penis, scrotum, bladder

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13
Q

General sympathetic effect on abdominopelvic organs

A

decrease function, mobilize energy stores from adipose tissue and liver and muscle into blood stream.

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14
Q

adrenal medulla - where and what do they secrete

A

on top of kidneys, secrete NOR and EPI

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15
Q

difference between effect of chemical messengers from suprarenal medullae compared to those released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons (2 differences)

A
  1. cells not enervated by post-ganglionic fibres are only affected if they have receptors for NOR/EPI
  2. effects last much longer due to bloodstream circulation rather than innervation
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16
Q

pathway for sympathetic fibres to suprarenal medullae vs sympathetic fibres to abdomino pelvic effectors

A

lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - pass through with NO SYNAPSE - go to suprarenal medullae

lateral horn - ventral root - spinal nerve - white rami - sympathetic chain ganglion - fibres join to form splanchnic nerve - collateral ganglion - SYNAPSE with post-ganglionic neutron - effectors

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17
Q

what spinal nerves are the part of the efferent parasympathetic system and what structures do they innervate?

A

III - eye
VII - salivary glands
IX - salivary glands
X - visceral organs in abdominopelvic cavity (75% of parasympathetic innervation from this nerve)

18
Q

what ganglia do parasympathetic nerves synapse at?

A

intramural - inside walls of viscera

terminal - located near target organs

19
Q

what level does the sacral section of the parasympathetic exit the spinal cord from?

A

S2-S4

20
Q

what is different about sacral parasympathetic fibers when exiting the spinal cord?

A

do not join spinal nerves, but form their own pelvic nerves that synapse with short post-ganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia in the lower abdomino pelvic cavity organs.

21
Q

four organs innervated by the sacral parasympathetic neurons

A

kidney, bladder, large intestine, sex organs.

22
Q

know both the parasympathetic pathways form the CNS (medulla oblongata and sacral sections) to the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity effectors)

A

see textbook

23
Q

what are ventricles of the brain and their functions

A

cerebrospinal fluid filled cavities

  1. prevent neural contact with bone
  2. support brain through fluid suspension
  3. transport nutrients, waste, chemicals
24
Q

3 meninges

A

dura mater, arachnid mater, pia mater

25
Q

dura mater has what two layers and what sinus filled with what

A 
endosteal layer (outer)
meningeal layer (inner)

dural sinuses (2) - between the two layers of dura containing interstitial fluid, blood vessels

26
Q

what is subarachnoid space and what does it contain

A

space below arachnoid mater containing cerebrospinal fluid

27
Q

what is the Pia mater?

A

highly vascularized membrane anchored to surface of brain by astrocyte projections

28
Q

what are gyri

A

elevated ridges of the brain separated by sulci

29
Q

what are sulci

A

shallow depression of the brain separated by gyri

30
Q

what are fissures

A

deeper grooves of the brain

31
Q

four lobes of brain and functions

A

Frontal: conscious skeletal muscle control
Temporal: conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli
Parietal: conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temp, and taste
Occipital: conscious perception of visual stimuli

32
Q

prefrontal cortex functions

A

coordinate info relayed from all cortical association areas. predicting consequences of events/actions.

33
Q

insula lobe functions

A

language and balance
visceral functions
some aspects of smell

34
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex: voluntary movement control

35
Q

post central gyrus

A

primary sensory cortex - somatic only - touch, pressure, pain, taste, temp - sent here so we are consciously aware of it

36
Q

be able to identify: longitudinal tissue, lateral sulcus, central sulcus, cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, post central gyrus.

A

N/A

37
Q

be able to identify: corpus callosum, thalamus and hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

A

N/A

38
Q

function of corpus callosum

A

central white matter linking right and left hemispheres

39
Q

cranial nerves, area they impulse, primary function

A

I - olfactory, special sense, smell
II - optic, special sense, vision
III - oculomotor, motor, eye movements
VI - trochlear, motor, eye movements
V - trigeminal - sense and motor, major sensory nerve of the face
VI - abducens - motor, eye movements
VII - facial - sensory and motor, major motor nerve of facial expression
VIII - vestibulocochlear - special sense, equilibrium and hearing
IX - glossopharyngeal - sensory and motor
X - Vagus - sensory and motor
XI - accessory - motor, muscles of the head and neck
XII - motor, tongue muscles

40
Q

Mnemonic for remembering sensory/motor/both

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

41
Q

cranial nerves, area they impulse, primary function

A

I - olfactory, special sense, smell
II - optic, special sense, vision
III - oculomotor, motor, eye movements
VI - trochlear, motor, eye movements
V - trigeminal - sense and motor, major sensory nerve of the face
VI - abducens - motor, eye movements
VII - facial - sensory and motor, major motor nerve of facial expression
VIII - vestibulocochlear - special sense, equilibrium and hearing
IX - glossopharyngeal - sensory and motor
X - Vagus - sensory and motor
XI - accessory - motor, muscles of the head and neck
XII -hypoglossal - motor, tongue muscles

42
Q

Mnemonic for remembering cranial nerves

A

Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly

EPHE 141 (42 decks)

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