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EPHE 141 > lecture 22 > Flashcards

lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

what are 6 functions of neuroglial cells?

A
  • provide the framwork for the neural tissue
  • maintain the intercellular environment
  • act as phagocytes
  • over 100 billion (more astrocytes than any other)
  • roughly five times the number of neurons
  • have the ability to reproduce
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2
Q

what are the neuroglia in the CNS?

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

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3
Q

what are the neuroglia found in PSN?

A

satellite cells

schwann cells

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4
Q

what do oligodendrocytes do?

A

myelinate CNS axons provide structural framework

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5
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

maintain BBB
provide structural support
regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations
absorb and recycle NT, form scar tissues after injury

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6
Q

what do microglia do?

A

remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

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7
Q

what do ependymal cells do?

A

line ventricles and cental canal assist in producing, circulating and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid

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8
Q

what do satellite cells do?

A

regulate the exchange of material between the cell body and the environment

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9
Q

what do schwann cels (neruolemmocytes) do?

A

form a myelin sheath

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10
Q

what do satellite cells and peripheral neurons surround?

A

surround neurons soma: regulate local environment

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11
Q

schwann cells and peripheral neurons:

envelop what ?

A

envelop axons to form protective cover (neurilemma)

multiple layers of schwann cell membrane creates the myelin sheath

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12
Q

muscle innervation:

skeletal muscles are innervated by what?

A

motor neurons

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13
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

motor neurons + the muscle fibers it innervates

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14
Q

what does the cerebrum consist of?

A

inner and outer regions of grey matter

cortex

gray = soma and unmyelinated fibers

tracts of white matter = myelinated fibers

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15
Q

brain cancer:

most brain cancer are derived from what?

A

neuroglial cells not neurons

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16
Q

how do tumours develop?

A

by cell division

1) neurons dont replicate or divide
2) neuroglial cells normally divide at low rate

17
Q

what is Glioblastoma multiforme ?

A

grade 4 malignant tumor

18
Q

the meninges of the brain:

what are the parts of the Dura mater?

A

endosteal layer

meningeal layer

19
Q

the meninges of the brain:

parts of the Arachnoid

A

arachnoid granulations

subarachnoid space

20
Q

what are the three layers of the meninges?

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

21
Q

what is the arachnoid mater?

A

web-like collagenous fibers underlining the arachnoid layer

Subarachnoid space

help anchor cerebral blood vessels

CSF here

22
Q

Arachnoid granulations are what?

A

CSF flows through these and into blood circulation

23
Q

what is the Pia mater?

A

attached to the surface of the brain

follows sulci and gyri of brain

helps anchor larger blood vessels of the cerebrum

24
Q

Ventricles of the brain:

how many ventricles?

what do they do?

A

4 CSF fluid filled cavities

transports nutrients and waste to/from CNS

provides physical protection

2 lateral ventricles
third ventricle
forth ventricle

25
Q

What do the lateral ventricles do?

A

interventricular foramen conects to third ventricle

26
Q

what do the third ventricle do?

A

aqueduct of midbrain connects to foouth ventricle

27
Q

What do the fourth ventricle do?

A

adjacent to pons, connects to central canal, median and lateral apertures

28
Q

what is the choroid plexus lined with?

A

ependymal cells

29
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

form selective barrier
involved in active transport
(nutrients, vitamins, ions into CSF)

30
Q

Path CSF takes around brain

A

CSF moves from subarachnoid space into dural sinus via arachnoid granulations

sinuses drain into internal jugular vein

31
Q

what are the functions of CSF?

A

protection- cushioning preventing contact of neural structures and bone

supporting the brain : brain suspended in CSF

transporting nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products

32
Q

cerbral spinal fluid is produced by cells in what?

A

choroid plexus

EPHE 141 (42 decks)

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