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Question 1

what are the 7 main endocrine structures?

Answer 1

hypothalamus
pituitary (specifically anterior)
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal gland
pancreas
gonads

Question 2

what is ADH and OXT known as?

Answer 2

neurosecretions because they are produced and released by neurons

also released by posterior pituitary

Question 3

what does the portal vein do?

Answer 3

links capillary beds together

Question 4

what produces ADH?

Answer 4

supra optic nuclei

Question 5

what produces oxytocin?

Answer 5

paraventricular nuclei

Question 6

what does the portal vessel do?

Answer 6

delivers blood containing regulatory hormones to the secondary capillary plexus within anterior lobe

Question 7

what does the superior hypophyseal artery do?

Answer 7

delivers blood to primary capillary plexus

Question 8

what does the inferior hypophyseal artery do?

Answer 8

delivers blood to a capillary plexus in the posterior lobe. this plexus picks up the ADH and OXT released by the axons of the hypothalamic neerons

Question 9

what does the hypophyseal vein do?

Answer 9

carries blood containing the pituitary hormones for delivery to the rest of the body

Question 10

what are characteristics of follicular cells and their function?

Answer 10

they are glandular cuboidal epithelium (T thyrocytes) —>

T3 T4 (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) —>

Increase metabolism

Question 11

what is the thyroid gland neuroendocrine feedback control pathway?

Answer 11

Homeostasis distribution
- decrease T3 and T4 concentrations in blood or low body temp

hypothalamus releases TRH into anterior pituitary lobe

adenohypophysis release THS to thyroid gland
Thyroid follicles release T3 and T4

Homeostasis restored
- increase T3 and T4 concentrations in Blood

Question 12

What are parafollicular cells (C thyrocytes)?

Answer 12

Calicitonin

reduces plasma Ca+ and enhances Ca+ storage

Question 13

What does Calcitonin do?

Answer 13

reduces blood Ca+ levels

increase Ca+ storage

Question 14

What does the parathyroid glad produce?

Answer 14

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

What does PTH do?

Answer 15

increase blood Ca+ levels

Question 16

what are characteristics of the adrenal cortex zones?

Answer 16

each zone of the cortex produces specific hormones

each zone is controlled individually

Question 17

What does the Zona glomerulosa do?

Answer 17

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) control minerals (Na K)

Question 18

What does Zona fasciculata do?

Answer 18

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 19

What does zona reticularis do?

Answer 19

androgens (testosterone)

Question 20

what does the Pancreas do?

Answer 20

found under the stomach, adjacent to duodenum of small intestine. Physically connected to duodenum– releases digestive enzymes into small intestine

Question 21

what is interesting about pancreas release?

Answer 21

has both endocrine and exocrine functions

Question 22

pancreatic islets (islet of langerhans)

what are the 4 cells

Answer 22

acini cells

alpha cells
delta cells
beta cells

Question 23

What do acini cells produce?

Answer 23

exocrine cell that produces digestive enzymes

Question 24

what do alpha cells produce?

Answer 24

glucagon

Question 25

what do Delta cells produce?

Answer 25

somatostatin (GH inhibiting hormone)

Question 26

What do beta cells produce?

Answer 26

insulin

Question 27

How does your body respond to an increase in Blood glucose?

Answer 27

simulate beta cells
release insulin
cells uptake bg
reduced bg

Question 28

How does your body respond to an decrease in Blood glucose?

Answer 28

reduced BG 
stimulate Alpha cells 
release of glucagon
Mobilize CHO 
increase BG