30/31 Flashcards
what are the 7 main endocrine structures?
hypothalamus pituitary (specifically anterior) thyroid parathyroid adrenal gland pancreas gonads
what is ADH and OXT known as?
neurosecretions because they are produced and released by neurons
also released by posterior pituitary
what does the portal vein do?
links capillary beds together
what produces ADH?
supra optic nuclei
what produces oxytocin?
paraventricular nuclei
what does the portal vessel do?
delivers blood containing regulatory hormones to the secondary capillary plexus within anterior lobe
what does the superior hypophyseal artery do?
delivers blood to primary capillary plexus
what does the inferior hypophyseal artery do?
delivers blood to a capillary plexus in the posterior lobe. this plexus picks up the ADH and OXT released by the axons of the hypothalamic neerons
what does the hypophyseal vein do?
carries blood containing the pituitary hormones for delivery to the rest of the body
what are characteristics of follicular cells and their function?
they are glandular cuboidal epithelium (T thyrocytes) —>
T3 T4 (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) —>
Increase metabolism
what is the thyroid gland neuroendocrine feedback control pathway?
Homeostasis distribution
- decrease T3 and T4 concentrations in blood or low body temp
hypothalamus releases TRH into anterior pituitary lobe
adenohypophysis release THS to thyroid gland
Thyroid follicles release T3 and T4
Homeostasis restored
- increase T3 and T4 concentrations in Blood
What are parafollicular cells (C thyrocytes)?
Calicitonin
reduces plasma Ca+ and enhances Ca+ storage
What does Calcitonin do?
reduces blood Ca+ levels
increase Ca+ storage
What does the parathyroid glad produce?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What does PTH do?
increase blood Ca+ levels
what are characteristics of the adrenal cortex zones?
each zone of the cortex produces specific hormones
each zone is controlled individually
What does the Zona glomerulosa do?
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) control minerals (Na K)
What does Zona fasciculata do?
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
What does zona reticularis do?
androgens (testosterone)
what does the Pancreas do?
found under the stomach, adjacent to duodenum of small intestine. Physically connected to duodenum– releases digestive enzymes into small intestine
what is interesting about pancreas release?
has both endocrine and exocrine functions
pancreatic islets (islet of langerhans)
what are the 4 cells
acini cells
alpha cells
delta cells
beta cells
What do acini cells produce?
exocrine cell that produces digestive enzymes
what do alpha cells produce?
glucagon
what do Delta cells produce?
somatostatin (GH inhibiting hormone)
What do beta cells produce?
insulin
How does your body respond to an increase in Blood glucose?
simulate beta cells
release insulin
cells uptake bg
reduced bg
How does your body respond to an decrease in Blood glucose?
reduced BG stimulate Alpha cells release of glucagon Mobilize CHO increase BG
