32-34

Question 1

what is produced in the thyroid gland?

Answer 1

calcitonin

thyroxin

Question 2

calcitonin influences two different bone cells but in opposing ways. what are they?

Answer 2

it inhibits osteoclasts and activates osteoblasts

Question 3

what does the parathyroid gland produce and what does that do?

Answer 3

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

increase blood ca+

Question 4

Male reproductive tract:

what is the pathway (6)

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules 
epididymis
ductus deferens (Vas)
ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
penile urethra

Question 5

What are the accessory organs that contribute to the formation of semen?

Answer 5

seminal vessicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

Question 6

where does sperm production occur?

Answer 6

in the walls of the seminiferous tubule

Question 7

what do interstitial cells do?

Answer 7

produce testosterone

Question 8

walls of seminiferous tubule:

sustentacular cells are important in what?

Answer 8

FSH acts on sustentacular cells and is important in support of spermatogenesis

Question 9

Seminiferous tubules:

where does spermatogenesis occurs?

Answer 9

within walls of seminiferous tubules

Question 10

Seminiferous tubules:

spermatogenesis is controlled by what hormones?

Answer 10

controlled by pituitary hormones (FSH, LH) via hypothalamus

Question 11

seminiferous tubules:

what are the two special cells?

Answer 11

interstital cells

sustentacular cells

Question 12

seminiferous tubules:

what do interstital cells do?

Answer 12

stimulate LH to release testosterone

Question 13

seminiferous tubules:

what do sustentacular cells do?

Answer 13

stimulate FSH and testosterone to support sperm development

- responsible for blood testes barrier

Question 14

seminiferous tubules:

where do immature sperm mature?

Answer 14

immature sperm released into lumen of seminiferous tubules to mature in epidiymis

Question 15

What are some characteristics of the epididymis?

Answer 15

7 meters long storage, maturation, nourishment, transport of spermatozoa. True start of the reproductive tract

Question 16

what are some characteristics of the ductus deferens?

Answer 16

45 cm long: ascending into abdominopelvic cavity via inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord

Question 17

how long does it take for the descent of testis?

Answer 17

2-3 months

Question 18

initial steps of spermatogenesis occur where?

Answer 18

in the walls of the seminiferous tubules

Question 19

sperm move from the seminiferous tubules directly into this structure to continue their maturation

Answer 19

epididymis

Question 20

Female reproductive organ:

what are 5 structures?

Answer 20

ovary
uterine tube (fallopian tube)
uterus
cervix
vagina

Question 21

what is the process of ovulation?

Answer 21

luteninzing hormone acts on oocyte

ruptured tertiary follicle acts on corpus luteum

acts on progesterone

prep for implantation

Sorry this card sucked lol

Question 22

what structures will you encounter at the entrance to uterine tubes?

Answer 22

fimbriae
infundibulum
epithelium : simple columnar

Question 23

in the uterine wall what is the endometrium made of?

Answer 23

simple columnar epithelium

uterine glands here

thickens through menstrual cycle

Question 24

in the uterine wall what is the myometrium?

Answer 24

much smooth muscle that is very vascular

Question 25

histological changes in uterine cycle:

1 menses

2 proliferative phase

3 secretory phase

give characteristics of each phase

Answer 25

1 menses:
-progestin and estrogen decrease

2 proliferative phase
-estrogen dependent
growth of endometrium

3 secretory phase
-progestin and estrogen increase
even more growth of endometrium due to epithelial cell growth and vascularization

Question 26

what is intersex?

Answer 26

having both male and female sexual characteristics

genital, gonadal of chromosomal characterisitcs that are neither all male or all female

Question 27

extra gonadal androgen production occurs here in both males and females?

Answer 27

the adrenal cortex