32-34 Flashcards
what is produced in the thyroid gland?
calcitonin
thyroxin
calcitonin influences two different bone cells but in opposing ways. what are they?
it inhibits osteoclasts and activates osteoblasts
what does the parathyroid gland produce and what does that do?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
increase blood ca+
Male reproductive tract:
what is the pathway (6)
seminiferous tubules epididymis ductus deferens (Vas) ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra penile urethra
What are the accessory organs that contribute to the formation of semen?
seminal vessicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
where does sperm production occur?
in the walls of the seminiferous tubule
what do interstitial cells do?
produce testosterone
walls of seminiferous tubule:
sustentacular cells are important in what?
FSH acts on sustentacular cells and is important in support of spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules:
where does spermatogenesis occurs?
within walls of seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules:
spermatogenesis is controlled by what hormones?
controlled by pituitary hormones (FSH, LH) via hypothalamus
seminiferous tubules:
what are the two special cells?
interstital cells
sustentacular cells
seminiferous tubules:
what do interstital cells do?
stimulate LH to release testosterone
seminiferous tubules:
what do sustentacular cells do?
stimulate FSH and testosterone to support sperm development
- responsible for blood testes barrier
seminiferous tubules:
where do immature sperm mature?
immature sperm released into lumen of seminiferous tubules to mature in epidiymis
What are some characteristics of the epididymis?
7 meters long storage, maturation, nourishment, transport of spermatozoa. True start of the reproductive tract
what are some characteristics of the ductus deferens?
45 cm long: ascending into abdominopelvic cavity via inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord
how long does it take for the descent of testis?
2-3 months
initial steps of spermatogenesis occur where?
in the walls of the seminiferous tubules
sperm move from the seminiferous tubules directly into this structure to continue their maturation
epididymis
Female reproductive organ:
what are 5 structures?
ovary uterine tube (fallopian tube) uterus cervix vagina
what is the process of ovulation?
luteninzing hormone acts on oocyte
ruptured tertiary follicle acts on corpus luteum
acts on progesterone
prep for implantation
Sorry this card sucked lol
what structures will you encounter at the entrance to uterine tubes?
fimbriae
infundibulum
epithelium : simple columnar
in the uterine wall what is the endometrium made of?
simple columnar epithelium
uterine glands here
thickens through menstrual cycle
in the uterine wall what is the myometrium?
much smooth muscle that is very vascular
histological changes in uterine cycle:
1 menses
2 proliferative phase
3 secretory phase
give characteristics of each phase
1 menses:
-progestin and estrogen decrease
2 proliferative phase
-estrogen dependent
growth of endometrium
3 secretory phase
-progestin and estrogen increase
even more growth of endometrium due to epithelial cell growth and vascularization
what is intersex?
having both male and female sexual characteristics
genital, gonadal of chromosomal characterisitcs that are neither all male or all female
extra gonadal androgen production occurs here in both males and females?
the adrenal cortex
