Q5 Lower Limb-bones and joint

Question 1

three bones of the coxal bone and where they are

Answer 1

pubis - anterior/inferior, pubic symphysis between, makes up part of obturator foramen
ilium - posterior/superior, makes up iliac crest
ischium - anterior/inferior, makes up part of obturator foramen

Question 2

4 bones that make up the pelvis

Answer 2

left and right os coxa (coral), sacrum, coccyx

Question 3

iliac fossa - what muscles attaches and where

Answer 3

iliacus muscle attaches, located on medial side of iliac bone

Question 4

anterior superior iliac spine - attachment for what ligament and what two muscles

Answer 4

inguinal ligament, sartorius m., and tensor facial latae m.

Question 5

anterior inferior iliac spine - origin for what muscle

Answer 5

rectus femoris m.

Question 6

auricular surface - what articulates here

Answer 6

articulates with auricular surface of the the sacrum

Question 7

acetabulum - articulation site for what

Answer 7

head of femur

Question 8

ischial tuberosity - what originates here and where do you feel them

Answer 8

they are the sit bones, hamstrings (long head of biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinous muscles) originate here

Question 9

ischial spine - what does it separate

Answer 9

separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches

Question 10

what bones make the obturator foramen

Answer 10

two pubic rami, ischial body and ischial ramus

Question 11

symphyseal surface

Answer 11

joins the symphyseal surface of the other pubic bone to form the pubic symphysis joint

Question 12

head of femur articulates with?

Answer 12

acetabulum of hip

Question 13

fovea capitis of femur - what ligament attaches here?

Answer 13

ligament of the head of the femur

Question 14

greater trochanter - insertion for what muscles?

Answer 14

gluteus medius and minimus, hips lateral rotator muscles

Question 15

lesser trochanter - insertion for what?

Answer 15

Iliopsoas muscle

Question 16

linea aspera - site of origin for what and insertion for what?

Answer 16

origin for vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius, insertion for adduction muscles

Question 17

gluteal tuberosity of femur - insertion for what

Answer 17

gluteus maximus

Question 18

3 functions of the patella

Answer 18

strengthen quadricep tendon
protects anterior surface of the knee joint
anatomical pulley increasing contraction force of quad

Question 19

tibial tuberosity - what attaches here

Answer 19

patellar ligament attaches here

Question 20

soleal line - what muscle originates here

Answer 20

popliteus and soleus

Question 21

what does head of fibular articulate with?

Answer 21

lateral margin of the tibia on the inferior and posterior surface of the lateral tibial condyle

Question 22

lateral malleolus articulates with?

Answer 22

slides medial across the talus

Question 23

why is the fibula smaller and thinner than the other leg bones

Answer 23

doesn’t transfer body weight from knee to foot, rather it is a site more muscle attachment mostly.

Question 24

what two tarsal bones do we need to know and what do they articulate with

Answer 24

talus - articulates with the calcaneous, other tarsal bones, and the lateral malleolus of the fibula and transfers weight from the tibia anterior of the foot.

calcaneus - forms the heel of the foot, takes weight from tibia to the ground, attachment for calcaneal tendon, articulates with tibia and other tarsals.

Question 25

sacroiliac joint - what type, what tendons enforce it

Answer 25

planar joint, sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous

Question 26

pubic symphysis - what type of joint, what to surfaces articulate, why is it partially moveable, what is the pad made of

Answer 26

amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis , for childbirth , the two symphyseal surfaces of the pubic bones, fibrocartilage

Question 27

what forms the pubic arch

Answer 27

the inferior pubic rami and the pubic symphysis

Question 28

what ligaments reinforce the hip join t

Answer 28

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Question 29

name all ligaments and pads of the knee joint

Answer 29

medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, lateral (fibular) collateral ligament, patellar ligament

Question 30

functions of menisci

Answer 30

cushion, conform to shape of moving joint, increase surface area of tibiofemoral joint, lateral stability

Question 31

function of anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments

Answer 31

limit anterior, posterior movement, maintain alignment of femur/tibia

Question 32

function of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Answer 32

reinforce medial/lateral surfaces, stabilize joint when at full extension.

Question 33

ankle joint called what?

Answer 33

talocrural

Question 34

what movements at ankle joint?

Answer 34

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 35

what ligaments enforce ankle joint?

Answer 35

medial deltoid ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

Question 36

tibio fibular joints - name and classify the three

Answer 36

proximal = planar joint 
middle = amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis 
distal = multiaxial planar joint

Question 37

movements between tibia and fibula?

Answer 37

slight, mostly dependant on dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of ankle joint which displaces the fibula up and down.

Question 38

classify inter tarsal joints

Answer 38

planar

Question 39

subtalar joint - what movement is it key in? between what?

Answer 39

key in inversion and eversion, between anterior and posterior articulations between calcaneus and talus.

Question 40

two arches of the foot

Answer 40

transverse, longitudinal

Question 41

functors of foot arches

Answer 41

improve strength and elasticity. longitudinal is highest on the medial side of foot - More elasticity. lateral part of flatter but provides support in standing.