Q5 Lower Limb-bones and joint Flashcards
three bones of the coxal bone and where they are
pubis - anterior/inferior, pubic symphysis between, makes up part of obturator foramen
ilium - posterior/superior, makes up iliac crest
ischium - anterior/inferior, makes up part of obturator foramen
4 bones that make up the pelvis
left and right os coxa (coral), sacrum, coccyx
iliac fossa - what muscles attaches and where
iliacus muscle attaches, located on medial side of iliac bone
anterior superior iliac spine - attachment for what ligament and what two muscles
inguinal ligament, sartorius m., and tensor facial latae m.
anterior inferior iliac spine - origin for what muscle
rectus femoris m.
auricular surface - what articulates here
articulates with auricular surface of the the sacrum
acetabulum - articulation site for what
head of femur
ischial tuberosity - what originates here and where do you feel them
they are the sit bones, hamstrings (long head of biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinous muscles) originate here
ischial spine - what does it separate
separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches
what bones make the obturator foramen
two pubic rami, ischial body and ischial ramus
symphyseal surface
joins the symphyseal surface of the other pubic bone to form the pubic symphysis joint
head of femur articulates with?
acetabulum of hip
fovea capitis of femur - what ligament attaches here?
ligament of the head of the femur
greater trochanter - insertion for what muscles?
gluteus medius and minimus, hips lateral rotator muscles
lesser trochanter - insertion for what?
Iliopsoas muscle
linea aspera - site of origin for what and insertion for what?
origin for vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius, insertion for adduction muscles
gluteal tuberosity of femur - insertion for what
gluteus maximus
3 functions of the patella
strengthen quadricep tendon
protects anterior surface of the knee joint
anatomical pulley increasing contraction force of quad
tibial tuberosity - what attaches here
patellar ligament attaches here
soleal line - what muscle originates here
popliteus and soleus
what does head of fibular articulate with?
lateral margin of the tibia on the inferior and posterior surface of the lateral tibial condyle
lateral malleolus articulates with?
slides medial across the talus
why is the fibula smaller and thinner than the other leg bones
doesn’t transfer body weight from knee to foot, rather it is a site more muscle attachment mostly.
what two tarsal bones do we need to know and what do they articulate with
talus - articulates with the calcaneous, other tarsal bones, and the lateral malleolus of the fibula and transfers weight from the tibia anterior of the foot.
calcaneus - forms the heel of the foot, takes weight from tibia to the ground, attachment for calcaneal tendon, articulates with tibia and other tarsals.
sacroiliac joint - what type, what tendons enforce it
planar joint, sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous
pubic symphysis - what type of joint, what to surfaces articulate, why is it partially moveable, what is the pad made of
amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis , for childbirth , the two symphyseal surfaces of the pubic bones, fibrocartilage
what forms the pubic arch
the inferior pubic rami and the pubic symphysis
what ligaments reinforce the hip join t
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
name all ligaments and pads of the knee joint
medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, lateral (fibular) collateral ligament, patellar ligament
functions of menisci
cushion, conform to shape of moving joint, increase surface area of tibiofemoral joint, lateral stability
function of anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments
limit anterior, posterior movement, maintain alignment of femur/tibia
function of medial and lateral collateral ligaments
reinforce medial/lateral surfaces, stabilize joint when at full extension.
ankle joint called what?
talocrural
what movements at ankle joint?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
what ligaments enforce ankle joint?
medial deltoid ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament
tibio fibular joints - name and classify the three
proximal = planar joint middle = amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis distal = multiaxial planar joint
movements between tibia and fibula?
slight, mostly dependant on dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of ankle joint which displaces the fibula up and down.
classify inter tarsal joints
planar
subtalar joint - what movement is it key in? between what?
key in inversion and eversion, between anterior and posterior articulations between calcaneus and talus.
two arches of the foot
transverse, longitudinal
functors of foot arches
improve strength and elasticity. longitudinal is highest on the medial side of foot - More elasticity. lateral part of flatter but provides support in standing.