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EPHE 141 > Q8 quiz > Flashcards

Q8 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory epithelium is? what kind of cells are embedded in it?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelia

mucous cells embedded

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2
Q

olfactory epithelium is?

A

specialized neuroepithelium that allows us to sense smells through olfactory receptors

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3
Q

what are nasal conchae?

A

mucosa covered scroll like any shelves projecting towards the nasal septum on either side of the nasal cavity

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4
Q

what are nasal meatus

A

a narrow groove that allows the incoming air to bounce off conchal surfaces

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5
Q

4 function of paranasal sinuses

A

lighten skull, produce mucous, resonate when a person produces sound, warm/filter/humdifiy air to protect alveoli

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6
Q

what are the structures you “clear” when you pop your ears

A

the pharyngotympanic or auditory tubes connect the space that is deep to the pharynx - the tube is what you clear.

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7
Q

what Is the larynx

A

receives air from laryngopharynx
cylinder shaped containing hyaline and elastin cartilage
attached to hyoid bone and stabilized by ligaments and skeletal muscles

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8
Q

3 functions of larynx

A

open passage for air
prevent entry of liquid or food into respiratory tracts by the epiglottis
sounds production

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9
Q 
function: moisten air entering lungs 
what structure (s)?
A

conchae, meatus, respiratory muscosa

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10
Q 
function: warms air entering lungs 
what structure (s)?
A

conchae, meatus, respiratory mucosa

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11
Q 
function: filters air entering lungs 
what structure (s)?
A

nasal hairs, mucus, cilia, respiratory epithelium

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12
Q 
function: forms air passageway
what structure (s)?
A

external nares, nasal septum, conchae, meatus, hard palate, internal nares, soft palate, naso/oro/laryngo-pharynx, trachea

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13
Q 
function: prevents food from entering nasal cavity
what structure (s)?
A

soft palate, uvula

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14
Q 
function: forms passageway for food between mouth and esophagus
what structure (s)?
A

oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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15
Q 
function: part of the lymphatic system, "guards" lung entry
what structure (s)?
A

tonsils: pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual

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16
Q

responsible for speech

A

vocal folds (cords) in the larynx

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17
Q

trachea’s mucous membrane composed of what two layer

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

loose connective tissue - lamina propria

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18
Q

trachea- is each cartilage a solid ring and why

A

no - allows change of shape when food passes through esophagus

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19
Q

how many secondary bronchus? tertiary?

A

secondary: 5 in total: 3 in right lung, 2 in left
tertiary: 18 or 19

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20
Q

how many alveoli per lung

A

150 million

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21
Q

external vs internal respiration?

A

external: gas exchange with alveoli and outside air
internal: gas exchange at the cellular level in the body

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22
Q

each lobe of the lung can be divided into smaller units called? (where a single treaty bronchus transports air)

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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23
Q

what body cavity separates the 2 pleural cavities within the thoracic cavity?

A

the mediastinum

24
Q

what four major structures lie within the mediastinum

A

thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, heart

25
Q

name for serous membranes in the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

26
Q

pleural membrane covering lungs is called

A

visceral pleura

27
Q

function of pleura?

A

optimal lungs function: pleural fluid acts as lubricant between membranes, lungs, rib cage and chest cavity

28
Q

costal parietal pleura is found where?

A

sorts membrane covering inter wall, deep to the ribs

29
Q

diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

serous membrane covering the superior surface of the diaphragm.

30
Q

5 functions of blood

A

transport dissolved gases - o2, in co2 out
transport nutrients from digestive tract/adipose tissue
transport waste to excretion sites
deliver enzymes/hormones
defence from pathogens (WBC)

31
Q

two components of blood

A

plasma, formed elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)

32
Q

what do RBC’s lack?

A

nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

33
Q

three layers of blood vessel and what tissue present in each

A 
innermost = intima = endothelial lining + underlying elastic CT
middle = media = concentric layers of smooth muscle 
outermost = adventitia = connective tissue sheath
34
Q

what are vaso vasorum

A

small arteries that supply the smooth muscles of large vessels with a blood supply

35
Q

how to extinguish and artery from a vein?

A

vessel walls - arteries are THICC
valves - veins have arteries do not
lining - artery lining cannot contract, so endothelium folds instead when not under pressure, doesn’t happen this way in veins

36
Q

systemic circuit pathway

A

aortic valve -body capillary beds - right atrium

37
Q

pericardial sac is composed of

A

parietal pericardium and its outer ayer of dense irregular connective tissue (abundant with collagen fibres) called fibrous pericardium

38
Q

coronary sulcus is?

A

surface landmark showing the separation between the atria and ventricles

39
Q

coronary sinus is

A

enlarged vessel receiving de-oxygenated blood from heart muscle

40
Q

anterior interventricular sinus is

A

surface landmark showing the separation between right and left ventricles, arteries and veins lie in it

41
Q

left coronary artery does what

A

with the one on the right, arises from aorta and proved oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

42
Q

targets of endocrine system

A

all tissues

43
Q

onset/recovery ( how long)

A

gradual onset, slow recovery

44
Q

cell type of endocrine system release hormones where

A

endocrine cells that are glandular secretary cells release hormones into interstitial fluids

45
Q

what are hormones?

A

compound secreted by one cell that travels through the circulatory system to affect actives of cells in another part of the body.

46
Q

what part of the brain connects endocrine and nervous systems

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

what three mechanisms does the hypothalamus use to the regulate actives of the endocrine and part of the nervous system:

A
  1. indirectly by secreting regularity hormones into the pituitary which in turn secretes hormones with control other endocrine organs (liver, thymus, reproductive systems, adrenal glands)
  2. acts and as endocrine gland that directly releases two hormones : antidiuretic and oxytocin into circulation via the posterior pituitary gland. the pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibular.
  3. exerts direct neural control over endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla. when sympathetic nervous system is activated, Nor and Epi are released.
48
Q

thyroid gland secretes

A

thyroxine (T4)

49
Q

parathyroid glands secrete what which does what

A

parathyroid hormone which increases calcium content in the blood

50
Q

pineal gland produces what hormone

A

melatonin

51
Q

thymus secrets

A

thymosin

52
Q

Pancreas:

what cells produce insulin and what one produce glucagon

A

Pancreatic islets or islets of langerhans produce insulin in the beta cells and glucagon in the alpha cells

53
Q

gonads: testes and ovaries secrete what ?

A

testes: androgens and inhibits
ovaries: estrogens, progesterones, and relaxins

54
Q

two regions of the adrenal medulla

A

medulla and cortex

55
Q

what does medulla secrete

A

NOR and EPI

56
Q

what does cortex secrete and what do they do

A

corticosteroid hormones which regulate metabolic operations speeding up rate of glucose synthesis and glycogen formation.

57
Q

what is a portal system

A

a system with two adjacent capillary beds connected by a portal vessels

EPHE 141 (42 decks)

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