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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Posterior Leg: Part 1 > Flashcards

Posterior Leg: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fascial compartments of the leg formed by

A
  • Tibia and fibula
  • Intermuscular septa
  • Interosseous membrane
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2
Q

Anterior compartment

A
  • Extensors of ankle (foot) and toes
  • Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • Anterior tibial artery
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3
Q

Posterior compartment

A
  • Flexors of ankle and toes
  • Tibal nerve
  • Posterior tibial and fibular arteries
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4
Q

Lateral compartment

A
  • Evertors of ankle
  • Superficial fibular nerve
  • Perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
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5
Q

Small saphenous vein arises from

A
  • Dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein)

- Dorsal vein of 5th digit

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6
Q

Small saphenous vein pathway

A
  • Posterior to lateral malleolus
  • Drains into popliteal vein (not always)
  • Travels with sural nerve
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7
Q

Majority of superficial lymph vessels (in superficial fascia) drain into

A
  • Vertical group of superficial inguinal nodes (great saphenous territory)
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8
Q

Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory (posterior, lateral leg and foot) drain into

A
  • Popliteal nodes
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9
Q

Deep lymphatics (deep to deep fascia)

A
  • Lymph vessels travel with blood vessels and drain into:
  • Popliteal nodes (deep tissues of leg and foot)
  • Popliteal nodes drain into deep inguinal nodes
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10
Q

Tibial nerve (L4-S3) gives off

A
  • Medial sural cutaneous (S1,2)
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11
Q

Common fibular (L4-S2) gives off

A
  • Lateral sural cutaneous (L5-S2)

- Sural (fibular or peroneal) communicating branch (S1,2)

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12
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous (L5-S2) supplies

A
  • Superior lateral leg
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13
Q

Sural nerve (S1,2) is formed by

A
  • Fibular communicating branch joins medial sural cutaneous
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14
Q

Sural nerve (S1,2) pathway

A
  • Runs close to small saphenous vein

- Passes around posterior border of lateral malleolus than inferior to it

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15
Q

Sural nerve (S1,2) supplies

A
  • Distal posterior and lateral leg
  • Lateral calcaneus (lateral calcaneal branches)
  • Lateral side of foot and lateral side of 5th digits (lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve)
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16
Q

Posterior compartment of leg (posterior crural compartment)

A
  • 2 subcompartments
  • Divided by deep transverse intermuscular septum of the leg (deep transverse crural intermuscular septum)
  • Attach medial margin of tibia and posterior border of fibula
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17
Q

Superficial compartment supplied by

A
  • Sural arteries
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18
Q

Deep compartment supplied by

A
  • Posterior tibial arteries
  • More tightly surrounded by fascia
  • More susceptible to compartment syndrome
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19
Q

Functions of posterior compartment muscles

A
  • Tibial nerve supplies the muscle
  • Plantarflexion (flexors)
  • Inversion
  • Toe flexion
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20
Q

Tendons of posterior compartment muscles pathway

A
  • Pass and insert medial to subtalar joint

- Can cause supination of the subtalar joint

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21
Q

Primary functions of superficial muscles of the posterior compartment

A
  • Powerful plantarflexors
22
Q

Muscles of the superficial posterior compartment

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
23
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • 2 heads originate from femoral condyles

- Important in rapid, power movement

24
Q

Gastrocnemius medial head origin

A
  • Posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle
  • Inferior aspect of medial supracondylar line
  • Crural fascia
25
Q

Gastrocnemius lateral head origin

A
  • Posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle
  • Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line
  • Crural fascia
26
Q

Gastrocnemius (both heads) insertion

A
  • The 2 heads fuse and anchor to the gastrocnemius aponeurosis
  • The aponeurosis will join with superficial surface of soleus aponeurosis
  • Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon/Achilles tendon/tendo calcaneus)
27
Q

Gastrocnemius innervation

A
  • Tibial nerve
28
Q

Gastrocnemius blood supply

A
  • Medial and lateral sural arteries

- End arteries

29
Q

Gastrocnemius function

A
  • Plantarflexion foot (ankle)
  • Flexion of the leg
  • Subtalar supination
30
Q

Flabella

A
  • Sesamoid bone in lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • ~10-30% of population
  • Studies have shown that it is getting more prevalant
31
Q

Soleus

A
  • Broad/flat muscle
  • Forms soleal arch (tibial nerve/popliteal artery passes deep)
  • Continuously active
32
Q

Soleus origin

A
  • Middle 1/3 of tibia medial border
  • Soleal line
  • Tendinous arch
  • Posterior aspect of fibular head
  • Proximal 1/3 of fibula
33
Q

Soleus insertion

A
  • Joins with gastrocnemius

- Same as gastrocnemius

34
Q

Soleus innervation

A
  • Tibial nerve
35
Q

Soleus blood supply

A
  • Sural arteries
  • Fibular artery
  • Posterior tibial artery
36
Q

Soleus function

A
  • Plantarflex foot (ankle)
37
Q

Triceps surae (gastroc-soleus group)

A
  • Gastrocneumius + Soleus
  • 3 heads (share insertion)
  • Powerful plantarflexors
38
Q

Plantaris

A
  • Small muscle

- Long tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus

39
Q

Plantaris origin

A
  • Distal aspect lateral supracondylar line

- Travels inferomedially

40
Q

Plantaris insertion

A
  • Medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneus

- Medial to achilles

41
Q

Plantaris innervation

A
  • Tibial nurve
42
Q

Plantaris blood supply

A
  • Sural artery
43
Q

Plantaris function

A
  • Plantarflexion
  • Knee flexion
  • Probably proprioceptive function
  • Used in reconstructive surgery
44
Q

Gastrocnemius aponeurosis fuses with

A
  • Soleal aponeurosis
45
Q

Calcaneal tendon (Achilles) inserts into

A
  • Posterior calcaneus
  • Twists inward as it descends toward calcaneus
  • Clockwise left, counterclockwise right
46
Q

Gastrocnemius tendon fibers

A
  • Lateral at their insertion
47
Q

Soleus tendon fibers

A
  • Medial at the insertion
48
Q

Calcaneal tendon (Achilles) has no tendon sheath

A
  • Has a paratenon
  • Contains numerous small vessels that supply the tendon
  • Branches from fibular and posterior tibial artery
49
Q

Watershed area of calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

A
  • Located 2-6 cm above insertion
50
Q

Retrocalcaneal bursa

A
  • Superficial: between tendon and skin

- Deep: between tendon and trigonum achilleum

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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