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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Anterior Compartment of the Leg > Flashcards

Anterior Compartment of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment enclosed by

A
  • Dense fascia
  • Bone
  • Interosseous membrane
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2
Q

Anterior compartment is susceptible to

A
  • Compartment syndrome
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3
Q

Anterior compartment major blood supply

A
  • Anterior tibial artery
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4
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment innervation

A
  • Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
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5
Q

Anterior compartment tendons have

A
  • Synovial sheath as they pass ankle

- Visible/palpable at ankle with contraction

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6
Q

Function of anterior compartment muscles

A
  • Ankle dorsiflexion

- Extend digits

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7
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment (names)

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor hallucis capsularis
  • Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
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8
Q

Tibialis anterior

A
  • Largest anterior muscle
  • Visible and palpable proximally
  • Tendon is palpable and visible as it crosses the ankle joint
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9
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A
  • Lateral tibial condyle
  • Upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibial shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Crural fascia
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10
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A
  • Medial cuneiform
  • 1st met base (metatarsal tubercle)
  • Medial plantar surfaces for both
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11
Q

Tibialis anterior function

A
  • Dorsiflex and invert foot

- Supinate subtalar joint

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A
  • Lateral tibial condyle
  • Superior ¾ of fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Crural fascia
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13
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A
  • Divide into 4 slips (digits 2-5)
  • Dorsal bases of middle/distal phalanges (digits 2-5)
  • Contributes to extensor expansion (digits 2-5)
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14
Q

Extensor digitorum longus function

A
  • Digit extension/dorsiflexion (proximal/distal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints)
  • Helps with dorsiflexion/eversion (subtalar pronation)
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15
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Deep to TA and EDL
  • Superficial at distal leg/ankle
  • Tendon between TA and EDL at ankle joint
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16
Q

Extensor hallucis longus origin

A
  • Middle ½ anteromedial aspect of middle fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Originates more distal than TA and EDL
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17
Q

Extensor hallucis longus insertion

A
  • Dorsal base of distal phalanx (1st digit)
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18
Q

Extensor hallucis longus function

A
  • Extend/dorsiflex 1st digit (hallux)
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19
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis origin

A
  • Medial aspect of EHL tendon or muscle (sometimes TA)
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20
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis insertion

A
  • Dorsomedial aspect of 1st MPJ capsule
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21
Q

Extensor hallucis capsularis function

A
  • Tenses capsules during extension

- Prevents capsular impingement

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22
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A
  • Can be absent in people

- Passes anterior to lateral malleolus

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23
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius origin

A
  • Inferior ¼ medial fibular shaft
  • Interosseous membrane
  • Can also originate from the EDL muscle
24
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius insertion

A
  • Dorsal aspect of base and shaft of 5th metatarsal

- Sometimes the base of the 4th metatarsal

25
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius function

A
  • Foot dorsiflexion and eversion

- Subtalar pronation

26
Q

Synovial sheaths of anterior compartment muscle tendons

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
27
Q

Tibialis anterior synovial sheath

A
  • Begins proximal to SER (transverse crural ligament)
  • Ends between oblique bands of IER (cruciate crural ligament)
  • Begins/ends most proximally
  • Within the SER and oblique superomedial band of IER
28
Q

Extensor hallucis longus synovial sheath

A
  • Begins immediately proximal to oblique superomedial band of IER (level of medial malleolus)
  • Ends at the 1st metatarsal base
  • Within the IER
  • Ends most distally
29
Q

Extensor digitorum longus/fibularis tertius synovial sheath

A
  • Share a synovial sheath ( 4 tendons of EDL and 1 of FT)
  • Begins just proximal to oblique superomedial band of IER
  • Ends at level of 5th metatarsal base
  • Within the IER
30
Q

Extensor Retinacula

A
  • Hold extensor tendons in place over the extensor surface of ankle joint
31
Q

Superior extensor retinaculum (transverse crural ligament)

A
  • Thickening of crural fascia (fascia cruris)
  • Attaches to anterior aspect of the tibia and fibula distal shafts
  • TA within the retinaculum, the rest pass deep
32
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate crural ligament)

A
  • Thickening of crural fascia and deep fascia over foot dorsum
  • Y shaped band with a stem and 2 oblique medial bands
  • Continuous with inferior fibular retinaculum
33
Q

Tendons of anterior compartment muscles pass within

A
  • The inferior extensor retinaculum
34
Q

Frondiform ligament

A
  • Stem of the Y shaped band of the inferior extensor retinaculum
  • Stem of the Y is lateral
35
Q

Lateral attachment (frondiform ligament)

A
  • Lateral talar neck

- Superior calcaneus within the sinus tarsi

36
Q

Medial attachment (frondiform ligament)

A
  • Oblique superomedial band: Anterior aspect of distal medial malleolus
  • Oblique inferomedial band: Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform/navicular
37
Q

Blood supply to anterior and lateral compartment

A
  • Anterior tibial artery (terminal branch of popliteal)
  • Passes through proximal opening in the interosseous membrane
  • Enters anterior compartment
38
Q

Anterior tibial is located between

A
  • TA and ED muscles in proximal leg
  • Located between TA and EHL in the distal leg
  • Distal ankle EHL tendon crosses over artery
39
Q

Anterior tibial artery becomes

A
  • Dorsalis pedis after ankle

- Dorsalis pedis is located between EDL and EHL

40
Q

A small anterior tibial artery can be replaced by

A
  • Perforating branches from posterior tibial

- Perforating or fibular artery

41
Q

Anterior tibial artery (terminal branch of popliteal)

A
  • Branches off near inferior border of popliteus
  • Passes through superior opening of interosseous membrane
  • Enters anterior compartment
42
Q

Branches of anterior tibial artery

A
  • Anterior/posterior tibial recurrent arteries
  • Muscular branches
  • Anterior medial/lateral malleolar arteries
  • Dorsalis pedis (continuation)
43
Q

Anterior compartment venous drainage

A
  • Anterior tibial vein + posterior tibial vein > Popliteal vein > Femoral vein
44
Q

Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) pathway

A
  • Branches from common fibular in the lateral compartment
  • Enters anterior compartment through anterior intermuscular septum
  • Descends along anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (with anterior tibial artery)
45
Q

Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) descends along anterior surface of interosseous membrane

A
  • Lateral to artery in both the leg and ankle

- Enters dorsum of foot by passing deep to extensor retinacula

46
Q

Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1) supplies

A
  • Anterior compartment muscles

- Foot dorsum muscles

47
Q

Lateral terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates

A
  • EHB
  • EDB
  • Joints of lateral foot
48
Q

Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve pathway

A
  • Communicates with superficial fibular nerve (communicating branch of superficial fibular nerve)
  • Follows dorsalis pedis and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries
49
Q

Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve innervates

A
  • 1st dorsal interossei muscle

- Joints of medial foot

50
Q

Branches of medial terminal branch

A
  • Proper dorsal digital nerve 2

- Proper dorsal digital nerve 3

51
Q

Proper dorsal digital nerve 2

A
  • Cutaneous innervation of dorsolateral hallux
52
Q

Proper dorsal digital nerve 3

A
  • Cutaneous innervation of dorsomedial 2nd toe
53
Q

Injury to deep fibular nerve symptoms

A
  • Footdrop (increased tripping with gait)
  • Weak/loss of toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion
  • Steppage gait
  • Altered sensation 1st web space
54
Q

Altered sensation 1st web space from deep fibular nerve injury affects

A
  • Dorsolateral side of hallux

- Dorsomedial side of 2nd digit

55
Q

Toe tips are innervated by

A
  • Nerves from the plantar aspect of the foot

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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