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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Osteology (Part 4): Midfoot > Flashcards

Osteology (Part 4): Midfoot Flashcards

1
Q

Cuboid

A
  • Name is derived from its “cubed” appearance
  • Superior surface faces dorsolaterally
  • Contributes to transverse arch
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2
Q

Cuboid articulates with

A
  • Calcaneus
  • 4th and 5th metatarsal
  • 3rd cuneiform
  • Navicular
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3
Q

Posterior surface of cuboid

A
  • Facet for calcaneus (posterior surface that articulates with calcaneus)
  • Saddled shaped (convex: S to I, concave: transversely)
  • Calcaneocuboid portion of midtarsal joint
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4
Q

Cuboid medial surface structures

A
  • Facet for lateral cuneiform (3rd)

- Facet for navicular

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5
Q

Facet for lateral cuneiform (3rd)

A
  • Oval shaped

- Located superior aspect of medial surface

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6
Q

Facet for navicular

A
  • Located on the inferior medial surface

- Proximal to facet for lateral cuneiform

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7
Q

Facet for navicular presence

A
  • Present in ~ 50% of population
  • If present it is a synovial joint
  • If not present it is a fibrous joint
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8
Q

Cuboid anterior surface structures

A
  • Facet for 4th metatarsal
  • Facet for 5th metatarsal
  • (Facets separated by a vertical ridge)
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9
Q

Facet for 4th metatarsal

A
  • Distal anterior surface
  • Medial
  • Rectangular in shape
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10
Q

Facet for 5th metatarsal

A
  • Distal anterior surface
  • Lateral to facet for 4th metatarsal
  • Triangular shaped with apex lateral
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11
Q

Cuboid inferior surface structures

A
  • Fibular sulcus/groove
  • Fibular ridge
  • Beak of cuboid (coronoid process)
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12
Q

Fibular sulcus/groove

A
  • Located on the inferior aspect
  • Anterior to the fibular ridge
  • Tendon of the fibularis longus passes in this groove
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13
Q

Fibular ridge

A
  • Posterior boundary of fibular sulcus
  • Long plantar attaches to ridge
  • Short plantar ligament attaches posterior to ridge (extends onto beak)
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14
Q

Beak of cuboid (coronoid process)

A
  • Beak-like process

- Posteriormedial aspect (some ligaments attach)

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15
Q

Cuboid lateral surface structures

A
  • Fibular notch

- Tuberosity of cuboid

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16
Q

Fibular notch

A
  • Found on lateral surface
  • Beginning of fibular sulcus
  • Passage of fibularis longus
  • Os peroneum found within fibularis longus tendon lateral to notch
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17
Q

Tuberosity of cuboid

A
  • Lateral end of fibular ridge
  • Posterior to fibular notch
  • Can contain a facet that the os peroneum can articulate with
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18
Q

Navicular (scaphoid)

A
  • Concave posterior
  • Convex anterior
  • Articulates with talus, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid
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19
Q

Navicular posterior surface structures

A
  • Facet for head of talus
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20
Q

Facet for head of talus

A
  • Large, oval, concave facet
  • Located posteriorly
  • Articulates with talar head (talonavicular joint, part of midtarsal joint)
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21
Q

Navicular anterior surface structures

A
  • 3 articular facets separated by 2 faint crests
  • Facet for medial cuneiform
  • Facet for intermediate cuneiform
  • Facet for lateral cuneiform
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22
Q

Facet for medial cuneiform

A
  • Largest cuneiform facet
  • Triangle shaped medial facet on anterior surface
  • Apex superior
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23
Q

Facet for intermediate cuneiform

A
  • Triangle shaped middle facet on anterior surface

- Apex inferior

24
Q

Facet for lateral cuneiform

A
  • Triangle shaped lateral facet on anterior surface

- Apex inferomedial

25
Q

Navicular lateral suface structures

A
  • Facet for cuboid
26
Q

Facet for cuboid

A
  • Small facet on lateral surface
  • Present in 50% of individuals
  • Continuous with facet for lateral cuneiform
  • If not present it is a fibrous joint
27
Q

Navicular medial surface structures

A
  • Navicular tuberosity
28
Q

Navicular tuberosity

A
  • Prominent projection on medial surface at top of medial arch
  • Easily palpated
  • Os tibiale externum (os navicular secundum)
29
Q

Navicular tuberosity is an attachment point for

A
  • Tibialis posterior

- Parts of spring and deltoid ligaments

30
Q

Os tibiale externum (os navicular secundum)

A
  • If present, located posterior to tuberosity

- Within tendon of tibialis posterior

31
Q

Navicular inferior surface structures

A
  • Groove for tibialis posterior tendon

- Tubercle for spring ligament (beak of navicular)

32
Q

Groove for tibialis posterior tendon

A
  • Groove on plantar surface of navicular
  • Inferior to navicular tuberosity
  • Allows for part of the tibialis posterior tendon to pass into foot
33
Q

Tubercle for spring ligament (beak of navicular)

A
  • Lateral to groove for tibialis posterior tendon

- Spring ligament attaches here

34
Q

Cuneiforms (Latin for shaped like a wedge)

A
  • Medial (1st)
  • Intermediate (Middle or 2nd)
  • Lateral (3rd)
  • Part of the medial longitudinal arch and transverse arch
35
Q

Medial cuneiform characteristics

A
  • Largest

- Extends furthest distally

36
Q

Intermediate cuneiform characteristics

A
  • Smallest
  • “Keyhole”
  • Distal end is recessed most proximal of the 3
37
Q

Medial (1st) cuneiform articulates with

A
  • 1st & 2nd metatarsals
  • Intermediate cuneiform
  • Navicular
  • Largest cuneiform
38
Q

Posterior surface (medial cuneiform)

A
  • Posterior facet
  • Concave face that articulates with navicular
  • Triangular in shape
  • Apex superior
39
Q

Lateral surface (medial cuneiform)

A
  • Roughened and concave
  • “Hockey stick and puck facets”
  • L-shaped articular facet for intermediate cuneiform
  • Oval shaped articular facet for medial base of second metatarsal
40
Q

L-shaped articular facet (lateral surface of medial cuneiform) is located

A
  • Superior and proximal (posterior)
41
Q

Oval shaped articular facet (lateral surface of medial cuneiform) is located

A
  • Superior and distal

- Can be continuous with the facet for intermediate cuneiform

42
Q

Medial surface (medial cuneiform)

A
  • Rough
  • Smooth oval impression for tibialis anterior tendon
  • Located antero-inferior aspect
43
Q

Inferior/plantar surface (medial cuneiform)

A
  • Roughened tuberosity
  • Anterior: attachment for tibialis anterior (medial plantar) and fibularis longus (lateral plantar)
  • Posterior: attachment for tibialis posterior
44
Q

Anterior surface (medial cuneiform)

A
  • Anterior facet for base of 1st metatarsal

- Large kidney-shaped (reniform) facet on anterior surface

45
Q

Intermediate (2nd) cuneiform articulates with

A
  • Medial/lateral cuneiforms
  • Base of 2nd metatarsal
  • Navicular
46
Q

Intermediate (2nd) cuneiform characteristics

A
  • Smallest cuneiform

- Apex of the transverse arch

47
Q

Medial surface (intermediate cuneiform)

A
  • Inverted L-shaped articular facet for medial cuneiform

- Posterior and superior border

48
Q

Anterior surface (intermediate cuneiform)

A
  • Convex
  • Triangular shaped articular facet for 2nd metatarsal base
  • Apex inferior
49
Q

Lateral surface (intermediate cuneiform)

A
  • Articular facet for lateral cuneiform
  • Shaped like a B
  • On lateral surface along the proximal (posterior) border
50
Q

Posterior surface (intermediate cuneiform)

A
  • Concave triangular facet
  • Articulates with navicular
  • Apex is inferior
51
Q

Superior/dorsal surface (intermediate cuneiform)

A
  • Rectangular
52
Q

Lateral (3rd) cuneiform articulates with

A
  • 2-4 metatarsals
  • Intermediate cuneiform
  • Cuboid
  • Navicular
53
Q

Posterior surface (lateral cuneiform)

A
  • Triangle shaped articular facet for navicular

- Apex inferior

54
Q

Medial surface (lateral cuneiform)

A
  • B-shaped articular facet for intermediate cuneiform (along proximal border)
  • Articular facet for 2nd metatarsal base (2 demi-facets on medial surface along distal border, inferior one is smaller and may be absent)
55
Q

Anterior surface (lateral cuneiform)

A
  • Triangular shaped articular facet for 3rd metatarsal base

- Apex inferior

56
Q

Lateral surface (lateral cuneiform)

A
  • Large oval shaped articular facet for cuboid (along the posterior superior aspect)
  • Small articular facet for 4th metatarsal base (at the anterior/superior edge)
57
Q

Superior/dorsal surface (lateral cuneiform)

A
  • Rectangular shaped

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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