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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Foot and Ankle Joints/Ligaments: Part 3 > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Joints/Ligaments: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Intermetatarsal joints

A
  • Planar, synovial joints
  • diarthrosis
  • Between metatarsal bases of 2nd/3rd, 3rd/4th, 4th/5th
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2
Q

1st/2nd metatarsal joint usually

A
  • No ligaments

- Do not articulate

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3
Q

Ligaments of intermetatarsal joints

A
  • Dorsal intermetatarsal ligaments
  • Plantar intermetatarsal ligaments
  • Interosseous intermetatarsal ligaments
  • 3 of each
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4
Q

Intermetatarsal ligament attachments

A
  • 2nd/3rd met bases (1st)
  • 3rd/4th met bases (2nd)
  • 4th/5th met bases(3rd)
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5
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joints

A
  • Metatarsal head with base of proximal phalanx
  • Ellipsoid, synovial joint
  • Diarthrosis
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6
Q

Movements of the metatarsophalangeal joints

A
  • Abduction/adduction
  • Flex/ext
  • Circumduction
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7
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint capsules

A
  • Attach to articular margins

- Lined by synovium

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8
Q

Metatarsophalangeal dorsal joint capsules supported by

A
  • Extensor expansion
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9
Q

1st MTP joint includes

A
  • Sesamoids
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10
Q

MTP joint anatomic and functional unit formed by

A
  • Proximal phalanx
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Plantar plate
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11
Q

Plantar (volar) plate

A
  • Fibrocartilaginous disc-like structure (type 1 collagen)

- Located on the plantar metatarsal head

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12
Q

Plantar (volar) plate function

A
  • MTP dorsoplantar joint stability
  • Shock absorption
  • Resists tensile and compressive forces
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13
Q

Plantar (volar) plate has attachments to

A
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
  • Sling of extensor expansion
  • Flexor tendon sheath
  • Plantar fascia
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Proximal phalanx
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14
Q

Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

A
  • Connects adjacent metatarsal heads and plantar (volar) plates
  • Important stabilizer of the MTP joints
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15
Q

Deep transverse metatarsal ligament location

A
  • Proximal edge is at the level of the metatarsal condyles

- Distal doesn’t usually extend past met head

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16
Q

Deep transverse metatarsal ligament (between 1st/2nd met heats)

A
  • Attaches to 2nd metatarsal head/plantar plate
  • Splits into a dorsal/plantar slip
  • Plantar slip attaches to lateral sesamoid bone of 1st MTP joint
  • Dorsal slip attaches joint capsule of 1st MTP joint
  • The tendon of the adductor hallucis passes between the 2 slips
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17
Q

Sesamoid apparatus

A
  • All the muscles, ligaments/capsule that attaches to the sesamoid bones
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18
Q

Parts of the sesamoid apparatus

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis (medial and lateral)
  • Abductor hallucis muscle (medial)
  • Adductor hallucis muscle (lateral)
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligament (lateral)
  • Sesamophalangeal ligaments (medial and lateral)
  • Metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligament (medial and lateral)
  • Intersesamoid ligament (medial and lateral)
  • Plantar plate
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19
Q

Ligaments of 1st MTP joint

A
  • Sesamophalangeal (medial/lateral)
  • Intersesamoid
  • Medial/lateral collateral
  • Metatarsophalangeal suspensory (medial/lateral)
  • Plantar plate
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20
Q

M/L Sesamophalangeal ligament is also called

A
  • Phalangeosesamoid
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21
Q

Medial esamophalangeal ligament (phalangeosesamoid) attachments

A
  • Tibial (medial) sesamoid

- Medial tubercle of proximal phalanx base

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22
Q

Lateral esamophalangeal ligament (phalangeosesamoid) attachments

A
  • Fibular (lateral) sesamoid

- Lateral tubercle of proximal phalanx base

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23
Q

Intersesamoid ligamen

A
  • Connects the medial and lateral sesamoids
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24
Q

Collateral ligaments of 1st MTP joint are also called

A
  • Proper collateral ligaments

- Metatarsophalangeal ligament

25
Q

Medial collateral ligaments of 1st MTP joint attachments

A
  • Medial tubercle of met head

- Medial tubercle of proximal phalanx base

26
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments of 1st MTP joint attachments

A
  • Lateral tubercle of met head

- Lateral tubercle of proximal phalanx base

27
Q

Metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligaments are also called

A
  • Metatarsoglenoid ligaments
  • Metatarsosesamoid ligaments
  • Accessory collateral ligaments
28
Q

Medial metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligaments attachments

A
  • Medial tubercle of met head

- Medial sesamoid & plantar plate

29
Q

Lateral metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligaments attachments

A
  • Lateral tubercle of met head

- Lateral sesamoid & plantar plate

30
Q

Plantar plate attaches to

A
  • Sesamoids
31
Q

Ligaments of the 2nd - 5th MTP joints

A
  • Medial/lateral collateral (proper collateral)
  • Metatarsophalangeal suspensory (medial/lateral)
  • Plantar metatarsophalangeal
  • Plantar plate
32
Q

Medial/lateral collateral ligaments of MTP joints 2-5

A
  • Pass between tubercles of the met heads and proximal phalanx base
33
Q

Medial/lateral metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligaments of MTP joints 2-5

A
  • From medial and lateral tubercles of met head to plantar plate
34
Q

Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments

A
  • Pass from plantar aspect of met head to plantar aspect of proximal phalanx
35
Q

Interphalangeal joints

A
  • Proximal and distal have similar structure
  • Gingylmus (hinge), synovial joints
  • Diarthrosis
  • Joint capsule ataches to articular margin
36
Q

Interphalangeal joint movements

A
  • Dorsiflexion

- Plantarflexion

37
Q

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are between

A
  • Head of proximal phalanx

- Base of middle phalanx

38
Q

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are between

A
  • Head of middle phalanx

- Base of distal phalanx

39
Q

Hallux only as an interphalangeal joint (IP) between

A
  • Head of proximal phalanx

- Base of distal phalanx

40
Q

Interphalangeal joint ligaments

A
  • Medial/lateral collateral ligaments of __ IP joint

- Plantar interphalangeal ligament of __ IP joint

41
Q

Interphalangeal joint ligaments attach

A
  • Tubercles of the phalangeal head proximally

- Tubercles of phalangeal base distally

42
Q

Plantar interphalangeal ligaments attach

A
  • Head of a phalanx proximally

- Base of phalanx distally

43
Q

Ankle joint innervation

A
  • Deep fibular nerve
  • Accessory deep fibular when present
  • Tibial nerve
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Sural nerve
44
Q

Subtalar joint innervation

A
  • Tibial nerve
  • Lateral dorsal cutaneous (sural)
  • Medial plantar
  • Deep fibular
  • Accessory deep fibular when present
45
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular joint innervation

A
  • Medial plantar

- Deep fibular

46
Q

Calcaneoucuboid joint innervation

A
  • Lateral plantar
  • Sural
  • Deep fibular
  • Accessory deep fibular when present
47
Q

Cuneocuboid and cuboidonavicular joint innervation

A
  • Lateral plantar

- Deep fibular

48
Q

1st and 2nd cuneonavicular, medial intercuneiform, cuneometatarsal 1-2 innervation

A
  • Deep fibular

- Plantar side: Medial plantar

49
Q

3rd cuneonavicular, 3rd cuneometatatarsal, lateral intercuneiform innervation

A
  • Deep fibular

- Lateral plantar

50
Q

Cuboid, metatarsal 4,5 innervation

A
  • Sural
  • Superficial fibular
  • LPN
51
Q

Dorsal innervation of intermetatarsal joint

A
  • Deep fibular nerve
52
Q

Plantar innervation of intermetatarsal joint

A
  • Deep branch of lateral plantar (between 2nd/3rd and 3rd/4th met bases)
  • Superficial branch of LPN (between 4th/5th met base)
53
Q

MTP joint and IP joint innervation

A
  • Branches from the dorsal and plantar digital nerves that pass by the joint
  • 2-4th MTP joints can also receive innervation from deep branch of LPN
54
Q

Talocrural in OPEN kinetic chain

A
  • Roll and slide in opposite directions

- Calcaneus and foot moving on talus

55
Q

Talocrural joint in CLOSED kinetic chain

A
  • Roll and slide of mortise on the trochlea

- Talus, forefoot is fixed, calcaneus is mostly fixed

56
Q

Pronation in OPEN kinetic chain involves

A
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Abduction
  • Eversion
57
Q

Supination in OPEN kinetic chain involves

A
  • Plantarflexion
  • Adduction
  • Inversion
58
Q

Pronation in CLOSED kinetic chain involves

A
  • Plantarflexion (talus)
  • Adduction (talus)
  • Eversion (calcaneus)
  • Tibia internal rotation
59
Q

Supination in CLOSED kinetic chain involves

A
  • Dorsiflexion (talus)
  • Abduction (talus)
  • Inversion (calcaneus)
  • Tibia external rotation

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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