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Lower Extremity Anatomy > Osteology (Part 5): Metatarsals & Phalanges > Flashcards

Osteology (Part 5): Metatarsals & Phalanges Flashcards

1
Q

Metatarsals absolute length

A
  • Longest to shortest

- 2 > 3 > 5 > 4 > 1

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2
Q

Metatarsals distal projection in articulated foot

A
  • Farthest to nearest
  • 2 > 3 > 1 > 4 > 5
  • OR
  • 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 > 5
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3
Q

Metatarsals articulate proximally with

A
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Forms tarsometatarsal (Lisranc’s) joint
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4
Q

Metatarsals contribute to

A
  • Transverse arch

- Both medial/lateral longitudinal arches

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5
Q

Metatarsals are flexed with bases being

A
  • Elevated
  • Different heights (2nd is the highest)
  • Metatarsal heads are in the same plane
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6
Q

1st metatarsal diverges from the 2nd forming

A
  • Intermetatarsal angle
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7
Q

Ray

A
  • Cuneiforms + associated metatarsals for 1-3
  • Just metatarsals for 4,5
  • Some people include phalanges
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8
Q

Metatarsal bases articulate with

A
  • Cuneiforms
  • Cuboid
  • Neighboring metatarsals
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9
Q

1st metatarsal shape

A
  • Kidney bean shaped
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10
Q

2nd metatarsal shape

A
  • Wedge (triangle) shaped

- Apex inferior

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11
Q

3rd metatarsal shape

A
  • Wedge (triangle)

- Apex inferior

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12
Q

4th metatarsal shape

A
  • Quadrilateral
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13
Q

5th metatarsal shape

A
  • Triangular

- Apex lateral

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14
Q

Metatarsal shaft

A
  • Curved
  • Convex dorsal
  • Concave plantar
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15
Q

Metatarsal head (for the lesser metatarsals, 2-5)

A
  • Oval (elliptical) shaped

- 1st has a few differences

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16
Q

Metatarsal head structures

A
  • Articular cap (facet)

- Medial and lateral tubercles

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17
Q

Articular cap/facet (metatarsal heads 2-5)

A
  • Anterior (distal) end
  • Articulates with proximal phalanx of corresponding digit
  • Forms MTP joint for that digit
  • Extends further onto plantar surface
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18
Q

Medial and lateral tubercles (metatarsal heads 2-5)

A
  • Ligament attachment
  • Metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments)
  • Metatarsophalangeal suspensory ligament (metatarsoglenoid ligament)
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19
Q

Metatarsal plantar surface structures

A
  • Medial/lateral condyles

- Groove for flexor tendon

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20
Q

Medial and lateral condyles (metatarsal plantar surface)

A
  • Weight-bearing surface

- Lateral is larger and longer and projects more proximal

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21
Q

Groove for flexor tendon (metatarsal plantar surface)

A
  • Located between condyles
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22
Q

1st metatarsal

A
  • Shortest and broadest metatarsal

- Very strong

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23
Q

1st metatarsal base surfaces

A
  • Posterior
  • Lateral
  • Medial
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24
Q

1st metatarsal posterior surface

A
  • Kidney shaped articular facet

- Articulates with medial cuneiform (tarsometatarsal joint)

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25
Q

1st metatarsal lateral surface

A
  • Small oval facet for articulation with 2nd metatarsal (intermetatarsal joint)
  • (not always present)
  • Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal
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26
Q

Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal

A
  • Located on the lateral base
  • Junction of lateral and plantar surface
  • Posterolateral projection for peroneus longus insertion
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27
Q

1st metatarsal medial surface

A
  • 1st Metatarsal tubercle
  • Junction of medial and plantar surface
  • Attachment of tibialis anterior
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28
Q

1st metatarsal head

A
  • Quadrilateral

- Distal articular facet

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29
Q

Distal articular facet (1st metatarsal head)

A
  • Convex facet

- Articulates with proximal phalanx of hallux (1st MTP)

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30
Q

1st metatarsal head plantar surface structures

A
  • Crista

- Medial/lateral condyles

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31
Q

Crista (1st metatarsal head plantar surface)

A
  • Ridge from anterior articular surface to plantar surface
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32
Q

Medial and lateral condyles (1st metatarsal head plantar surface)

A
  • Weight-bearing surfaces

- Grooves for articulation with medial and lateral sesamoids

33
Q

1st metatarsal head has 3 articulations

A
  • 1 with proximal phalanx

- 2 with sesamoids

34
Q

Sesamoids in relation to 1st metatarsal head

A
  • Lack bony attachment to 1st metatarsal
  • Embedded in FHB and plantar plate
  • Tight ligamentous attachment
35
Q

2nd metatarsal

A
  • Longest metatarsal
  • Keystone for Lisfranc joint
  • Base is wedge shaped, apex inferior
36
Q

2nd metatarsal articulations

A
  • All 3 cuneiforms (3 tarsometatarsal joints)
  • Proximal phalanx base (2nd MTP)
  • 3rd metatarsal base (intermetatarsal joint)
37
Q

2nd metatarsal base structures

A
  • Proximal triangular facet
  • Oval articular facet
  • 2 articular facets for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal
38
Q

Proximal triangular facet (2nd metatarsal base)

A
  • Articulates with 2nd cuneiform
39
Q

Oval articular facet (2nd metatarsal base)

A
  • Facet for medial cuneiform

- On posteriosuperior border of medial surface

40
Q

2 Articular facets for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal (2nd metatarsal base)

A
  • On lateral surface facet separated by a roughened ridge

- Vertical ridge separates distal (3rd metatarsal, intermetatarsal joint) and proximal (3rd cuneiform)

41
Q

3rd metatarsal articulations

A
  • Proximal phalanx base of 3rd toe (3rd MTP)
  • 2nd and 4th metatarsal bases (2 intermetatarsal joint)
  • 3rd cuneiform (tarsometatarsal joint)
42
Q

3rd metatarsal base

A
  • Wedge shaped

- Apex inferior

43
Q

3rd metatarsal base structures

A
  • Proximal triangular facet
  • Oval articular facet for 4th metatarsal
  • Articular facet for 2nd metatarsal
44
Q

Proximal triangular facet (3rd metatarsal base)

A
  • Articulates with 3rd cuneiform
45
Q

Oval articular facet for 4th metatarsal (3rd metatarsal base)

A
  • Posteriosuperior border of lateral surface
46
Q

Articular facet for 2nd metatarsal (3rd metatarsal base)

A
  • 2 demi-facets on medial surface, posterior edge
47
Q

4th metatarsal articulations

A
  • Base of 4th proximal phalanx base (4th MTP)
  • 3rd and 5th metatarsal bases (2 intermetatarsal joints)
  • 3rd cuneiform and cuboid (2 tarsometatarsal joints)
48
Q

4th metatarsal base

A
  • Quadrilateral in shape
49
Q

4th metatarsal base structures

A
  • Proximal quadrilateral articular facet
  • Articular facet for lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal
  • Facet for 5th metatarsal
50
Q

Proximal quadrilateral articular facet (4th metatarsal base)

A
  • Articulation with cuboid
51
Q

Articular facet for lateral (4th metatarsal base)

A
  • Double facet on medial surface
  • Proximal: lateral cuneiform
  • Distal: 3rd metatarsal
52
Q

Facet for 5th metatarsal (4th metatarsal base)

A
  • Large facet on lateral surface
53
Q

5th metatarsal articulations

A
  • 5th proximal phalanx base (5th MTP)
  • Cuboid (tarsometatarsal)
  • Base of 4th metatarsal (intermetatarsal)
54
Q

5th metatarsal base structures

A
  • Proximal triangular articular facet
  • Articular facet for 4th metatarsal
  • Styloid process of 5th metatarsal (tuberosity of 5th metatarsal)
  • Groove for abductor digiti minimi
55
Q

Proximal triangular articular facet (5th metatarsal base)

A
  • Articulates with cuboid

- Apex is lateral

56
Q

Articular facet for 4th metatarsal (5th metatarsal base)

A
  • Medial surface
57
Q

Styloid process/tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal (5th metatarsal base)

A
  • Large prominence
  • Extends proximally and laterally
  • Muscle and ligament attachment
  • Very palpable
58
Q

Groove for abductor digiti minimi (5th metatarsal base)

A
  • Inferior aspect of styloid process

- Passage of ADM

59
Q

Metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen point away from the growing end (growth plate)
  • 1st metatarsal is angled distally
  • 2-5 metatarsals are angled proximally
60
Q

1st metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen on lateral surface, angled distally
  • Supplied by 1st dorsal metatarsal artery
  • Can be dual supply from dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries with multiple nutrient foramina
61
Q

2nd metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen on lateral shaft, angled proximally

- Nutrient artery from 2nd dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery

62
Q

3rd metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen is on medial or lateral shaft, angled proximally
  • Nutrient artery from 2nd or 3rd dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery
63
Q

4th metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen on medial or lateral surface of shaft, angled proximally
  • Nutrient artery is 3rd or 4th dorsal or plantar metatarsal artery
64
Q

5th metatarsal blood supply

A
  • Nutrient foramen on medial surface of shaft, angled proximally
  • Nutrient artery from 4th plantar metatarsal artery
65
Q

Phalanges

A
  • Digits 2-5 have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
  • Digit 1 only has proximal and distal
  • Phalanges consist of a base, shaft, and head
  • Longitudinal grooves for flexor tendons on plantar surface
66
Q

Proximal phalanges structures

A
  • Proximal/distal articular surface (facet)

- Medial/lateral tubercle

67
Q

Proximal articular surface/facet (proximal phalanges)

A
  • Located at the base
  • Round and concave
  • Articulates with metatarsal heads
68
Q

Distal articular surface/facet (proximal phalanges)

A
  • Located at the head
  • Convex
  • Articulates with base of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (or base of distal phalanx of the hallux)
69
Q

Medial and lateral tubercles (proximal phalanges)

A
  • Located at the medial/lateral plantar aspect of bases
  • Metatarsophalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) insert at the bases
  • Located at the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the heads
  • Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) attach at the heads
70
Q

Middle phalanges structures (only digits 2-5)

A
  • Proximal/distal articular surface

- Medial/lateral tubercles

71
Q

Proximal articular surface (middle phalanges)

A
  • Located at the base
  • Concave
  • Articulates with heads of proximal phalanges (2-5)
72
Q

Distal articular surface (middle phalanges)

A
  • Located at the head
  • Convex
  • Articulates with base of distal phalanges (2-5)
73
Q

Medial and lateral tubercles (middle phalanges)

A
  • Located at the medial/lateral plantar aspect of bases
  • Located at the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the heads
  • Ligament attachment
  • Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments)
74
Q

Distal phalanges (ungula phalanges)

A
  • Smallest
  • Shaped like a mushroom
  • Flattened head (support nail plate)
75
Q

Distal phalanges stuctures

A
  • Proximal articular surface

- Medial/lateral tubercles

76
Q

Proximal articular surface (distal phalange)

A
  • Located at the base
  • Concave
  • Articulates with heads of middle phalanges (digits 2-5) and head of proximal phalanx (digits 1)
77
Q

Medial and lateral tubercles (distal phalanges)

A
  • Located at the medila/lateral plantar aspect of bases
  • Ligament attachment
  • Interphalangeal ligaments (collateral ligaments) at the heads
78
Q

Most common symphalangism in the lower extremity

A
  • Fusion of the middle and distal phalanges of the 5th digit

Lower Extremity Anatomy (35 decks)

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